Ecology and Environment
Exam Duration: 45 Mins Total Questions : 30
Vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels is called
- (a)
fragmentation
- (b)
stratification
- (c)
decomposition
- (d)
humification
Reduction in vascular tissue, mechanical tissue and cuticle is characteristic of
- (a)
Xerophytes
- (b)
Mesophytes
- (c)
Epiphytes
- (d)
Hydrophytes
The defence mechanism developed by the plants against predation are the following except.
- (a)
Thorns
- (b)
Spines
- (c)
Galls
- (d)
Poison
About 71% of total global carbon is found in
- (a)
oceans
- (b)
forests
- (c)
grasslands
- (d)
agroecosystems.
The energy which is utilised by the living world is primarily
- (a)
heat.
- (b)
electricity.
- (c)
light.
- (d)
kinetic.
The reason for not arriving at the given estimate figure for prokaryotes is
- (a)
The number of microbes are numerous.
- (b)
Under laboratory conditions, many of the species cannot be cultured.
- (c)
The methodology for enumeration is out dated
- (d)
The number of microbes becomes extinct even before enumeration
In species - area relationship, which one is the mismatch?
- (a)
The relationship between species richness and area -- Rectangular hyperbola.
- (b)
The value of Z line - 0.1 and 0.2
- (c)
Z value of large area - 0.6 and 1.2
- (d)
The Z value for mammals in tropical forest - 1.5
In your opinion which is the most effective way to conserve the plant diversity of an area?
- (a)
By tissue culture method
- (b)
By creating biosphere reserve
- (c)
By creating botanical gardens
- (d)
By developing seed banks
Which one of the following processes during decomposition is correctly described?
- (a)
Fragmentation-Carried out by organisms such as earthworm
- (b)
Humification-Leads to the accumulation of a dark coloured substance humus, which undergoes microbial action at a very fast rate
- (c)
Catabolism-Last step in the decomposition under fully anaerobic condition
- (d)
Leaching-Water soluble inorganic nutrients rise to the top layers of soil
Which of the following pair is correctly matched?
- (a)
Uricotelism-Aquatic habitat
- (b)
Parasitism-Intra-specific relationship
- (c)
Excessive perspiration-Xeric adaptation
- (d)
Stream lined body-Aquatic adaptation
Identify the likely organisms I, II, III and IV in the food web shown below.
- (a)
I II III IV Deer Rabbit Frog Rat - (b)
I II III IV Dog Squirrel Bat Deer - (c)
I II III IV Rat Dog Tortoise Crow - (d)
I II III IV Squirrel Cat Rat Pigeon
Very small animals are rarely found in polar regions because
- (a)
small animals have a larger surface area relative to their volume, so they lose body heat very fast when it is cold outside
- (b)
small animals have a smaller surface area relative to their volume, so they lose body heat very fast when it is cold outside
- (c)
small body volume makes internal heat production very difficult
- (d)
none of these.
Population ecology is an important area because it (i) ecology to population genetics and (ii).
Identify (i) andIii) in the above statement and select the correct option.
- (a)
(i) (ii) distinguishes evolution - (b)
(i) (ii) distinguishes biogenesis - (c)
(i) (ii) links evolution - (d)
(i) (ii) links biogenesis
Read the following statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1: Brood parasitism in birds is an example of parasitism in which the parasitic bird lays its eggs in the nest of its host and the host incubates them. Statement 2: During the course of evolution, the eggs of the parasite bird have evolved to resemble the host's eggsin sizeand colour to reduce the chances of the host bird detecting the foreign eggs and removing them from the nest.
- (a)
Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.
- (b)
Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect
- (c)
Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct
- (d)
Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.
India constitutes ________ percent of the world's land area and contributes _______ percent of the global species diversity.
- (a)
1.0, 5.5
- (b)
5.5, 1.0
- (c)
8.1, 2.4
- (d)
2.4, 8.1
Select the correct term for the following definitions (i, ii, iii, iv).
(i) The taxon is liable to become extinct if not allowed to realise its full biotic potential by providing protection from exotic species/human exploitation/ habitat deterioration/depletion of food.
(ii) The taxon has been completely eliminated or died out from earth, e.g., Dodo.
(iii) The taxon is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future due to decrease in its habitat, excessive predation or poaching.
(iv) They are species with naturally small populations, either localised or thinly scattered, which are always at risk from pests/pathogens/predators/ exotic species.
- (a)
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Threatened Extinct Endangered Rare - (b)
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Endangered Extinct Threatened Rare - (c)
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Extinct Rare Threatened Endangered - (d)
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Threatened Extinct Rare Endangered
Which of the following is an ecosystem service provided by a natural ecosystem?
- (a)
Cycling of nutrients
- (b)
Prevention of soil erosion
- (c)
Pollutant absorption and reduction of the threat of global warming
- (d)
All of the above
Which of the following countries has the highest biodiversity?
- (a)
Brazil
- (b)
South Africa
- (c)
Russia
- (d)
India
Assertion: Prolonged intraspecific competition cause an increase in the size of the niche of a population.
Reason : In such a population, use of a new type of resource will increase through the generations.
- (a)
If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- (b)
If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- (c)
If assertion is true but reason is false.
- (d)
If both assertion and reason are false.
Assertion: Bell shaped age pyramid represents a stable population.
Reason : In a stable population, proportion of individuals in reproductive age group is higher than the individuals in pre-reproductive age group.
- (a)
If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- (b)
If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- (c)
If assertion is true but reason is false.
- (d)
If both assertion and reason are false.
Assertion: Herbivores are also called as key industry animals because they convert plant matter into animal matter.
Reason: Decomposers play a pivotal role in the ecosystem and they indirectly support the producers.
- (a)
If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- (b)
If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- (c)
If assertion is true but reason is false
- (d)
If both assertion and reason are false
Arrange the following ecosystems in increasing order of their mean NPP (tons/ha/year).
A. Tropical deciduous forest
B. Temperate coniferous forest
C. Tropical rainforest
D. Temperate deciduous forest
- (a)
B < A < D < C
- (b)
D < B < A < C
- (c)
A < C < D < B
- (d)
B < D < A < C
Climax community is in a state of
- (a)
non-equilibrium
- (b)
equilibrium
- (c)
disorder
- (d)
constant change
It
- (a)
Flood in Yamuna river
- (b)
Air pollutants released from oil refinery of Mathura
- (c)
Decomposition of marble as a result of high temperature
- (d)
All the above
A group of individuals living in a particular geographical area at a particular time is called
- (a)
Local population
- (b)
Deme
- (c)
Community
- (d)
Both (1) & (2)
Number of red list categories prepared by WCU (IUCN) is
- (a)
6
- (b)
7
- (c)
8
- (d)
12
The seral changes in previously sterile or total barren area is called
- (a)
Climatic climax
- (b)
Secondary succession
- (c)
Primary succession
- (d)
Sere
Electrostatic precipitators can remove how much percentage of particutate matter present in exhoust from a thermal power plant -
- (a)
90%
- (b)
95%
- (c)
99%
- (d)
100%
Biodiversity of a geographical region represents:
- (a)
Species endemic to the region
- (b)
Endangered species found in the region
- (c)
The diversity in the organisms living in the region
- (d)
Genetic diversity present in the dominanat species of the region
The zone of atmosphere i which the ozone layer is present is called:-
- (a)
Ionosphere
- (b)
Mesosphere
- (c)
Stratosphere
- (d)
Troposphere
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