Genetics and Evolution
Exam Duration: 45 Mins Total Questions : 30
Which of the following is capable of self replication?
- (a)
Enzymes
- (b)
Amino acid
- (c)
DNA
- (d)
Protein
Haeckel's theory of recapitulation means that
- (a)
ontogeny repeats phylogeny
- (b)
all organisms begin their life with a single cell
- (c)
progeny of an organism resembles its parents
- (d)
regeneration
Jurassic period of the Mesozoic era is characterised by
- (a)
gymnosperms were dominant plants and first birds appeared
- (b)
radiation of reptiles and origin of mammal like reptiles
- (c)
dinosaurs became extinct and angiosperms appeared
- (d)
flowring plants and first dinosaurs appeared
Jurassic period is the second geological period of Mesozoic era. In this period, the gymnosperms were dominant and the plants included ferns, cycads, Ginkgo, bushes and conifers. Among animals, important invertebrates included ammonites, corals, brachiopods, bivalves and echinoids. Reptiles dominated the vertebrates and the first flying reptiles the pterosaurs appeared.
Who stated that 'Fossils are the amimals and plants,which have been dead rather longer than those which died yesterday'?
- (a)
von Baer
- (b)
TH Huxley
- (c)
Haeckel
- (d)
Weismann
Who proposed the concept of intraspecific and interspecific struggle of living organism?
- (a)
Darwin
- (b)
Malthus
- (c)
de Vries
- (d)
Both (b) and (c)
Which one is the recessive trait in pea plant?
- (a)
Dwarf stem
- (b)
Inflated pod shape
- (c)
Green pod colour
- (d)
Yellow seed coat
The loss or gain of one chromosome in a pair is called
- (a)
Euploidy
- (b)
Aneuploidy
- (c)
Genotype
- (d)
Ploidy
During chain elongation peptide bond is formed between carboxyl group of first and amino group of second amino acid by
- (a)
Peptidyl transferase
- (b)
Taq polymerase
- (c)
DNA ligase
- (d)
Helicase
Peptidyl transferase
Promoter is a specific sequence of DNA located
- (a)
upstream of the coding strand
- (b)
Downstream of the coding strand
- (c)
upstream of the template strand
- (d)
Downstream of the template strand
upstream of the coding strand
Mammals appeared in
- (a)
Mesozoic era
- (b)
Coenozoic era
- (c)
Jurassic period
- (d)
Triassic period
Jacob and Monod studied lactose metabolism in E. coli and proposed Operon concept. Operon concept applicable for
- (a)
all prokaryotes
- (b)
all prokaryotes and some eukaryotes
- (c)
all prokaryotes and all eukaryotes
- (d)
all prokaryotes and some protozoans
Jacob and Monod's operon concept is basically a theory of gene expression in prokaryotes- though it is of some value in the explanation of eukaryotic gene expression.
What was the most significant trend in the evolution of modern man (Homo sapiens) from his ancestors?
- (a)
Shortening of jaws
- (b)
Binocular vision
- (c)
Increasing brain capacity
- (d)
Upright posture
The most significant trend in the evolution of modern man is the increased brain capacity from the ancestors. The first human being was the hominid, called Homo habilis. The brain capacities were between 650-800 cc. They probably did not eat meat. Fossils discovered in Java in 1891 revealed the next stage, i.e. Homo erectus. Homo erectus had a large brain and probably ate meat.
The Neanderthal man with a brain size of 1400 cc lived in near east and central Asia between 1,00,00-40,000 year back. They used hides to protect their body and burried their dead. Homo sapiens arose in Africa and moved across continents and developed into distinct races. During ice age between 75,000-10,000 years back modern Homo sapiens arose.
Which of the following characters was not chosen by Mendel?
- (a)
Pod shape
- (b)
Pod colour
- (c)
Location of flower
- (d)
Location of pod
Select the incorrect statement regarding DNA replication.
- (a)
Leading strand is formed in 5' \(\rightarrow\) 3' direction.
- (b)
Okazaki fragments are formed in 5' \(\rightarrow\) 3' direction.
- (c)
DNA polymerase catalyses polymerisation in 5' \(\rightarrow\) 3' direction
- (d)
DNA polymerase catalyses polymerisation in 3' \(\rightarrow\) 5' direction
Synthesis of DNA by DNA polymerases occurs only in 5' \(\rightarrow\) 3' direction. One strand called leading strand, is copied in the same direction as the unwinding helix. The other strand is known as lagging strand. Replication of lagging strand is in a discontinuous way, and in the direction of growth of lagging stand is 3 ' \(\rightarrow\) 5' though in short segments of DNA which are always in the 5' \(\rightarrow\) 3' direction. Theseshort segments are called Okazaki fragments joined together by the action of DNA ligase
Alfred Wallace worked in
- (a)
Galapagos Island
- (b)
Australian Island Continent
- (c)
Malay Archipelago
- (d)
none of these
Alfred Wallace worked in Malay Archipelago. He came to similar conclusions around the same time as Darwin.
Which of the following statements is true?
- (a)
Wings of birds and insects are homologous organs
- (b)
Human hands and bird's wings are analogous organs
- (c)
Human hands and bat's wings are analogous organs.
- (d)
Flipper of penguin and dolphin are analogous organs.
Flipper of penguin and dolphin are analogous organs. They have similar function but anatomically they are different.
An inter-breeding population of finches became separated geographically, forming two isolated groups. Each group then became subject to different selective pressures. One group was then introduced into the habitat of the other.
Which one of the following would determine whether they now formed two distinct species?
- (a)
They had been separated for more than three million years.
- (b)
They failed to produce fertile F1 hybrids
- (c)
They showed marked differences in the shape of their beaks.
- (d)
Their plumage had become markedly different.
Once inter-breeding population of finches, now have failed to produce fertile F1 hybrids, this means they have now formed two distinct species.
Genes with multiple phenotypic effects are known as
- (a)
hypostatic genes
- (b)
duplicate genes
- (c)
pleiotropic genes
- (d)
complementary genes.
If 120 Plants are produced on crossing pure red and pure white flowered pea plants, than the ratio of offsprings will be
- (a)
90Red:30White
- (b)
30Red:90White
- (c)
60Red:60White
- (d)
All Red
Heterozygous tall plants were crossed with dwarf plants. what will be the ratio of dwarf plants in the progeny:
- (a)
50%
- (b)
25%
- (c)
75%
- (d)
100%
One turn of the helix in a B-form DNA is approximately
- (a)
20nm
- (b)
0.34nm
- (c)
3.4nm
- (d)
2nm
During protein synthesis, amino acid gets attached to tRNA with the help of
- (a)
mRNA
- (b)
Aminoacyl synthetase
- (c)
Ribosome
- (d)
rRNA
The first amino acid in any polypeptide chain of prokaryote is always
- (a)
Formylated methionine
- (b)
Formylated arginine
- (c)
Lysine
- (d)
Methionine
Which of the following is required as inducer(s) for the expression of Lac operon?
- (a)
Lactose and Galactose
- (b)
Glucose
- (c)
Galactose
- (d)
Lactose
Select the correct statement:
- (a)
Darwinian variations are small and directionss
- (b)
Mutations are random and directional
- (c)
fitness is the end result of the ability to adapt and get selected by nature
- (d)
All mammals except wheels and camels have seven cervical vertebrae
Inverted L-shaped three - dimensional structure of tRNA was suggested by
- (a)
kim and Klug
- (b)
Kuntz
- (c)
Fraenkel-Conrat
- (d)
Holley
Which statement is correct for homeotic genes?
- (a)
Control is exerted through homeodomain proteins
- (b)
Mutation in these genes not results in conversion of one body part into another
- (c)
Such genes have been studied extensively in humans
- (d)
Control oncogenesis process
The lac operon consists of
- (a)
Four regulatory genes only
- (b)
One regulatory gene and three structural genes
- (c)
Two regulatory genes and two structural genes
- (d)
Three regulatory genes and three structural genes
One of the most frequently used techniques in DNA fingerprinting is
- (a)
AFLP
- (b)
VNTR
- (c)
SSCP
- (d)
SCAR
The presence of gill slits, in the embryos of all vertebrates, supports the theory of
- (a)
Metamorphosis
- (b)
Oiogenesis
- (c)
Organic evolution
- (d)
Recapitulation