Human Health and Disease
Exam Duration: 45 Mins Total Questions : 30
Filariasis is caused by
- (a)
Wuchereria
- (b)
Phlebotomus
- (c)
Glossina
- (d)
All of these
The three main functions of free antibodies are
- (a)
Agglutination, opsonisation, Phagocytosis
- (b)
Agglutination, opsonisation, neutralization
- (c)
Opsinisation, Diapedesis, chemotaxis
- (d)
Neutralisation, chemotaxis, Agglutinisation
Use of anti-histamines and steroids give a quick relief from
- (a)
nausea
- (b)
cough
- (c)
headache
- (d)
allergy
At which stage of HIV infection does one usually show symptoms of AIDS?
- (a)
When the infecting retrovirus enters host cells
- (b)
When viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase
- (c)
When HIV replicates rapidly in helper T-lymphocytes and damages large number of these
- (d)
Within 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person
Which one of the following is categorized as a parasite in true sense?
- (a)
The female Anopheles bites and sucks blood from humans
- (b)
Human foetus developing inside the uterus draws nourishment from the mother
- (c)
Head louse living on the scalp as well as laying eggs on human hair
- (d)
The cuckoo (koel) lays its eggs in crows nest
Read the following four statements (A-D) and select the incorrect statement (s)?
(A) Colostrums is recommended for the new born because it is rich in antigens
(B) Chikungunga is caused by a Gram Negative bacterium
(C) Tissue culture has proved useful in obtaining virus free plants
(D) Beer is manufactured by distillation of fermented grape juice.
- (a)
(A) and (B)
- (b)
(B) and (C)
- (c)
(C) and (D)
- (d)
(A) and (D)
Which one of the following is a correct match?
- (a)
Bhang ---- Analgesic
- (b)
Cocaine ---- opiate narcotics
- (c)
Morphine ---- Hallucinogen
- (d)
Barbiturate ---- Tranquiller
If you suspect major deficiency of antibodies in a person, to which of the following would you look for confirmatory evidence?
- (a)
Serum globulins
- (b)
Fibrinogen in plasma
- (c)
serum albumins
- (d)
Haemocytes
People administered with preformed antibodies get
- (a)
active immunity
- (b)
innate immunity
- (c)
passive immunity
- (d)
auto immunity
Read the following statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1: Many fungi belonging to genera Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton are responsible for the disease ringworm.
Statement 2: Ringworm infection is generally acquired from soil or by using towels, clothes, comb, etc. of infected individuals.
- (a)
Both statements 1 and 2 are correct
- (b)
Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect
- (c)
Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct
- (d)
Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect
The antibody which can cross placental barrier is
- (a)
IgA
- (b)
IgE
- (c)
IgM
- (d)
IgG
IgG is the only maternal immunoglobulin that can cross the placenta and provide natural passive immunity to the foetus.
Read the following statements and select the correct ones.
(i) Vaccine is a preparation (or suspension) of a dead/attenuated pathogen of a disease which on inoculation (or injection) into a healthy person provides temporary/permanent active immunity by inducing antibodies formation.
(ii) Immunisation is the process by which the body produces antibodies against the vaccine preventable diseases through administration of specific vaccines.
(iii) The principle of immunisation or vaccination is based on the property of 'memory' of the immune system.
(iv) If a person is infected with some deadly microbes to which quick immune response is required; in that case, we need to directly inject the preformed antibodies or antitoxins e.g., in case of tetanus.
- (a)
(i) and (ii)
- (b)
(iii) and (iv)
- (c)
(i), (ii) and (iii)
- (d)
(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Read the following statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1: Active immunity is developed when a person's own cells produce antibodies in response to infection or vaccine.
Statement 2: Injection of snake antivenom against snake bite is an example of active immunisation.
- (a)
Both statements 1 and 2 are correct
- (b)
Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect
- (c)
Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct
- (d)
Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect
Injection of snake antivenom against -snake bite is an example of passive immunisation.
The lymphoid tissue, located within the lining of digestive tract is
- (a)
spleen
- (b)
Peyer's patches
- (c)
lymph nodes
- (d)
MALT
Which of the following approaches are used for the treatment of cancer?
- (a)
Immunotherapy
- (b)
Surgery
- (c)
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy
- (d)
All of these
The addictive chemical present in tobacco is
- (a)
caffeine
- (b)
nicotine
- (c)
catechol
- (d)
carbon monoxide
Nicotine is the major stimulatory component of tobacco products. It is highly poisonous as well as addictive chemical. Nicotine stimulates adrenal gland to release adrenaline and non-adrenaline into blood circulation increasing both blood pressure and heart beat rate. The increased blood pressure leads to increased risk of heart disease.
The sporozoites that cause infection, when a female Anopheles mosquito bites a person, are formed in
- (a)
liver of the person
- (b)
RBCs of mosquito
- (c)
salivary glands of mosquito
- (d)
intestine of mosquito
When a female Anopheles mosquito bites an infected person, gametocyte of Plasmodium enter the mosquito's body and undergo further development. Mature infective stage (sporozoite) escape from intestine and migrate to salivary gland of mosquito. When these mosquitoes bite a human, the sporozoites are introduced into his/her body, thereby initiating the disease in the host's body.
Which of the following is not a lymphoid tissue?
- (a)
Spleen
- (b)
Tonsils
- (c)
Pancreas
- (d)
Thymus
Assertion: Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are responsible for causing infectious disease in human beings.
Reason: A healthy person acquires the infection by inhaling the droplets/aerosols released by an infected person.
- (a)
If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- (b)
If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- (c)
If assertion is true but reason is false.
- (d)
If both assertion and reason are false.
Assertion : Mucus associated lymphoid tissues are specialised immune barrier located on skin.
Reason : These lymphoid tissues are located within tonsils, adenoids and Peyer's patches.
- (a)
If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- (b)
If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- (c)
If assertion is true but reason is false.
- (d)
If assertion is true but reason is false.
MALT are aggregation of lymphoid tissues found in the mucosa of major tracts like respiratory, alimentary canal and urogenital tract.
Assertion : Proto-oncogenes are cellular genes required for normal growth.
Reason : Under normal conditions they could lead to the oncogenic transformation of the cell.
- (a)
If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
- (b)
If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
- (c)
If assertion is true but reason is false.
- (d)
If assertion is true but reason is false.
Proto-oncogenes are cellular genes required for normal growth. If they are muted or overexpressed, they may become oncogenes that contribute to the malignant transformation of the cell.
Which one is not spread by droplet infection?
- (a)
Tuberculosis
- (b)
Diphtheria
- (c)
Pertussis
- (d)
Gonorrhoea
Fatty liver syndrome is due to excessive intake of
- (a)
Morphine
- (b)
Tobacco
- (c)
Alcohol
- (d)
Both (1) & (2)
Mark the incorrect statement w.r.t. infection of Entamoeba histolytica
- (a)
It is a protozoan parasite of human
- (b)
It is characterized by constipation and abdominal pain
- (c)
It is a parasite in small intestine of man
- (d)
Houseflies act as mechanical carriers and serve to transmit the parasite from faces of infected person to food and food products
In the life cycle of Plasmodium, sexual stages (gametocytes) begin to develop in
- (a)
Stomach of mosquito
- (b)
Intestine of man
- (c)
Liver of man
- (d)
Red blood cells of man
Which of the following immunoglobulin (Ig) is present in colostrum?
- (a)
IgA
- (b)
IgG
- (c)
IgM
- (d)
IgE
Antigen binding site in an antibody is formed by
- (a)
Two light chains
- (b)
Two heavy chains
- (c)
One heavy and one light chain
- (d)
Either between two light chains or between one heavy and one light chain depending upon the nature of antigen
Blood cells involved in inflammatory reactions are
- (a)
Basophils
- (b)
Neutrophils
- (c)
Eosinophils
- (d)
Monocytes
A person who met with road accident is likely to develop tetanus he is immunised by administering
- (a)
Weakened germs
- (b)
Dead germs
- (c)
Preformed antibodies
- (d)
Wide spectrum antibiotics
A person suffering from a disease caused by Plasmodium, experiences recurring chill and fever at the time when?
- (a)
The sporozoites released from RBCs are being repidly killed and broken down inside spleen
- (b)
The trophozoites reach maximum growth and give out certain toxins
- (c)
The parasite after its rapid multiplication inside RBCs ruptures them, releasing the stage to enter fresh RBCs
- (d)
The microgametocytes and megagametocytes are being destroyed by the WBCs