Logical Reasoning - Deriving Conclusions From Passages
Exam Duration: 45 Mins Total Questions : 30
India needs higher investment in the port sector and still lags far behind the international ports in container traffic, though there has been considerable growth in this segment over the past few years. There is a need to continually benchmark Indian ports against the best ports worldwide and continue to engage in policy efforts so to attain prices per container of port services which are the lowest in the world. The average turn-around time for ships docking at most of the ports in India has been falling for the past three years. However, pre-berthing time has been marginally increasing over the years.
The best port in the world is located in the United States of America.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
If you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given;
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
India needs higher investment in the port sector and still lags far behind the international ports in container traffic, though there has been considerable growth in this segment over the past few years. There is a need to continually benchmark Indian ports against the best ports worldwide and continue to engage in policy efforts so to attain prices per container of port services which are the lowest in the world. The average turn-around time for ships docking at most of the ports in India has been falling for the past three years. However, pre-berthing time has been marginally increasing over the years.
Pre-berthing time is gradually decreasing over the years.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
If you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; andif you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
Despite the vast untapped export potential, the funding of sericulture development in the country has been found to be a very major stumbling block. Therefore, it is necessary that a scheme for providing free flow of credit to all those who are engaged in sericulture including silk weaving may be drawn up.Further, taking into account the emerging trends to the Indian silk industry from global players like Korea and China, and also the serious challenges posed by the ongoing changes in the multi-fibre agreement and complete integration with GATT, it is necessary to formulate a new national silk policy. Another working group has to be constituted to evolve a long term import and export policy.
Silk industries in China and Korea are totally supported by respective government.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e., from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
The clock's ticking for the elders as the rules for senior citizens' scheme have been changed. The rules for this scheme were changed only a few days ago. Those who are above 55 years of age, but less than 60 years, and have retired on superannuation and otherwise will be eligible. The key condition is that the scheme is not restricted to a voluntary retirement scheme, but all kinds of retirees are eligible for it. A larger number of people, hence, are set to benefit from this scheme provided certain conditions are fulfilled, i,e., the account has to be opened within one month of the receipt of retirement benefits and a certificate from the employer has to be submitted with the application form. For those who have crossed 60 years, the scheme provides a good avenue for investment as it has an interest rate of 9 percent which is marginally higher than the effective rate on the post office monthly saving scheme and other small savings instruments.
No other scheme gives as much interest as the Senior Citizens' Scheme.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e., from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
A radical surgery procedure, laughed at not long ago, is holding our fresh hope for patients of cardiac myopathy, or enlargement of the heart. The technique now in India, allows patients to go home two weeks after the operation, to lead a near-normal sedentary life. Cardiac myopathy is a condition that has a variety of causative factors. An attack from one of the 20 identified viruses, parasite infection, long term alcohol abuse and blood pressure could bring it on and in rare cases, it could follow, child birth and even known to run in families. The condition is marked by an increase in the size of the heart's chambers and a decrease in the efficiency of pumping.
The new technique was never tried in India in the past.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
A radical surgery procedure, laughed at not long ago, is holding our fresh hope for patients of cardiac myopathy, or enlargement of the heart. The technique now in India, allows patients to go home two weeks after the operation, to lead a near-normal sedentary life. Cardiac myopathy is a condition that has a variety of causative factors. An attack from one of the 20 identified viruses, parasite infection, long term alcohol abuse and blood pressure could bring it on and in rare cases, it could follow, child birth and even known to run in families. The condition is marked by an increase in the size of the heart's chambers and a decrease in the efficiency of pumping.
Earlier the patients suffering from cardiac myopathy were required to travel abroad for such operation.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
A radical surgery procedure, laughed at not long ago, is holding our fresh hope for patients of cardiac myopathy, or enlargement of the heart. The technique now in India, allows patients to go home two weeks after the operation, to lead a near-normal sedentary life. Cardiac myopathy is a condition that has a variety of causative factors. An attack from one of the 20 identified viruses, parasite infection, long-term alcohol abuse and blood pressure could bring it on and in rare cases, it could follow, childbirth and even known to run in families. The condition is marked by an increase in the size of the heart's chambers and a decrease in the efficiency of pumping.
The efficiency of the heart is inversely proportional to the size of the heart.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
More than a decade of erosion in budgetary support from the Union Government, has seriously affected Indian Railways' capacity to finance its plan expenditures. The situation has come to a pass where the railways must now think of innovative ways to get longer mileage from its investments. Significantly the resource crunch has had grievous impact on the railways. As a result, it will not be in a position to acquire necessary equipments and this will seriously affect the railways' capacity to serve the needs of the economy in future.
Railways had so far believed in traditional ways in generating income.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e., from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
Though the state cultivates only 3,2 lakh tonnes of mangoes, they are of premium quality and with mangoes becoming second most consumed fruit in the world after grapes, the government has been trying exporting it through sea route which is cheaper. An experiment which was done in this regard last year has proved successful.
The state also exports good quality grapes.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
It is generally accepted that if the monsoon is poor in any given year, it will have a significantly negative impact on the lives of millions. Some lives, such as those of the farmers, are affected directly because of poor crop yield; others are affected indirectly as the economic growth slows down. Similarly, the years with good monsoon bring smile and prosperity to the lives of many. For instance, India recorded a sharp jump in its rate of growth after years of good performance in the recent years. This unfortunate cycle affects the lives of millions of poor and hapless. But it need not be this way. In the jargon of financial economics, monsoon risk is a diversifiable risk. In other words, it is an insurance risk. Though one might wonder who will provide the insurance against poor monsoons if everyone is adversely affected by poor monsoon? The Answer is - the international investor
Majority of the people outside India are not affected by the poor monsoon in India.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e.,from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
It is generally accepted that if the monsoon is poor in any given year, it will have a significantly negative impact on the lives of millions. Some lives, such as those of the farmers, are affected directly because of poor crop yield; others are affected indirectly as the economic growth slows down. Similarly, the years with good monsoon bring smile and prosperity to the lives of many. For instance, India recorded a sherp jump in its rate of growth after years of good performance in the recent years. This unfortunate cycle affects the lives of millions of poor and hapless. But it need not be this way. In the jargon of financial economics, monsoon risk is a diversifiable risk. In other words, it is an insurance risk. Though one might wonder who will provide the insurance against poor monsoons if everyone is adversely affected by poor monsoon? The Answer is - the international investor
Monsoons in India have been good only in the alternate years during the past few years.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e.,from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given;and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e.,it contradicts the given facts.
Pollution amounts to slow murder. Regular exposure to industrial and vehicular pollution leads to life threatening diseases like asthma, heart problems, cancer and various other disorders. Therefore, nobody has the right to pollute, rich or poor. Industrial and vehicular pollution are growing rapidly across the country. It is not just metropolitan centres that are heavily polluted today but also small and medium towns. Pollution is growing faster than the economy. This is because the western technological model, built on heavy use of energy and materials, is an inherently highly toxic model. It produces huge amounts of toxic pollutants, which can be controlled if there is careful choice of technology and there is considerable discipline in its use.
The industries which use higher level of energy create more pollution.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
In the overall economy of India, agriculture is the largest sector of economic activity. It plays a crucial role in the country's economic development by providing food to its people and raw materials to industry. It accounts for the largest share to the national income. The share of the various agricultural commodities, animal husbandry and ancillary activities has been more than 40 percent since independence. During the decade of the fifties, it actually contributed about half of the national output.
Agriculture contributes to national income more than all other activities put together.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e., from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
The basic thrust of the Government's policy is to provide price incentives to farmers to make them produce more food. But is a price incentive system., always efficient in ensuring incremental yields? Our contention is that this incentive works only in persuading farmers to shift cultivation from one crop to another depending on which crop is more profitable and the given prices. But if would not be a sufficient condition in ensuring incremental output of all crops which is what is required.
This passage is taken from an article written by an expert on agricultural finance.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
The basic thrust of the Government's policy is to provide price incentives to farmers to make them produce more food. But is a price incentive system., always efficient in ensuring incremental yields? Our contention is that this incentive works only in persuading farmers to shift cultivation from one crop to another depending on which crop is more profitable and the given prices. But if would not be a sufficient condition in ensuring incremental output of all crops which is what is required.
The author is advocating for more yield of various crops.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
Urban services have not expanded fast enough to cope with urban expansion. Low investment allocations have tended to be underspent. Both public (e.g. water and sewage) and private (e.g. low-income area housing) infrastructure quality has declined. This impact of the environment in which children live and the supporting services available to them when they fall ill, seems clear. The decline in average food availability and the rise in absolute poverty point in the same unsatisfactory direction.
Birth rate is higher in urban areas as compared to rural areas.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
The explosive growth in demand for castor oil abroad is bringing about a silent change in the castor seed economy of Gujarat. The State is well on its way to emerge as a strong manufacturing centre for castor oil relegating to background its current status as a big trading centre. The business prospects for export of castor oil which is converted into value-added derivatives are so good that a number of castor seed crushing units have already come up and others are on the anvil.
Gujarat is the only State in India which produces castor seed.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e.,from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given;and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e.,it contradicts the given facts.
A tiger when killing its natural prey, which it does either by stalking or lying in wait for it, depends for the success of its attack on its speed and, to a lesser extent, on the condition of its teeth and claws. When, therefore a tiger is suffering from one or more painful wounds or when its teeth are missing or defective and its claws worn down, and it is unable to catch animals it has been accustomed to eating, it is driven by the necessity to killing human beings.
Sharp claws are needed by the tigers to kill animals in the forest.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
In India, the asbestos industry is growing and employs more than 15,000 people in 75 units which are spread over several states like Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh etc. Surprisingly, advanced countries are banning cancer causing asbestos products, multinational companies are from those countries which are setting up units in developing countries like India, one reason being lack of awareness in the society and indifference of the government machinery of these countries. Prolonged exposure to asbestos dust and fibres can cause lung cancer but most workers in India are too afraid to pots for fear of losing jobs. Some of these factories are operating in Mumbai. Quite a few of the factories in India are not known to take adequate precautions to protect workers from asbestos dust.
The Government is taking several steps to provide medical inspection of workers. In fact it has amended Factories Act to extend the provision to even those factories employing less than 10 workers.
The workers from asbestos industries do not protect against the health hazards and lack of medical facilities as most of them do not suffer from asbestos dust.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
The smaller pesticide formulation units in India operate under heavy constraints such as obsolete technology, small scale of operation and dependence on large units for raw materials.In view of the loss of expensive material by the smaller units it is important to either eliminate or reduce losses to the extent possible through innovative and sustainable waste minimization techniques. Operating profit margins of the units are very low and small adverse conditions land these companies in trouble. Maximum losses suffered by these units are through poor housekeeping, sub-optional operating practices, and lack of proper opportunities for recycling waste.
Recycling of wastes through modern techniques can set off large part of the losses incurred by the smaller units.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e., from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
Primary education in Bihar is in a poor shape. Pupils in over 50 percent of the schools read in the open throughout the year. Over six million children born to lower income group parents remain unlettered. Not even one percent of the 63,000 primary schools have facilities of furniture, toilet, drinking water and games. 3113 new teachers have been appointed in the current financial year out of which 2747 are women. Now each of the 13,270 primary schools have at least two teachers.
In Bihar, 90 percent of the children are illiterate.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
A survey in India indicated that in the core section of the companies, which were analyzed, the compensation package for executives was divided into several fringe benefit groups, The number of items included in it rose as one ascended the management hierarchy. In many companies, provision was made for transportation and medical and housing assistance. A few companies also provided for children's education or permitted family allowance. Some of them have now adopted a specialized approach called the 'cafeteria approach' in salary fixation. What is sought her is that the benefits must meet an executive's needs. Therefore, an appropriate selection has to be made of the benefits in terms of his needs after consulting him. Thus, this approach would individualize the system as the final choice is left to the executive concerned.
The survey conducted in India on compensation package included employees working at different levels, including executives.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
Self-medication has evolved rapidly over the years to provide symptomatic relief for minor ailments. One can safely define responsible self-medication, as the informed and rationale choice of consumers, to treat themselves and their family members with appropriate, affordable drugs of acceptable quality. Responsible self-medication can help prevent and treat symptoms and ailments that do no require medical consultation. Moreover, it also reduces the increasing pressure of medical services for the relief of minor ailment, especially when financial and human resources are limited. Worldwide, more and more governments are accepting the self-medication concept. Self-medication is a fact of life. With its broad use and social acceptance, no health policy should ignore self-medication. Rather, health policy should ask how this momentum can be leveraged to help achieve its objective.
The use of self-medication has not been accepted widely by the Governments and society.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
Self-medication has evolved rapidly over the years to provide symptomatic relief for minor ailments. One can safely define responsible self-medication, as the informed and rationale choice of consumers, to treat themselves and their family members with appropriate, affordable drugs of acceptable quality. Responsible self-medication can help prevent and treat symptoms and ailments that do no require medical consultation. Moreover, it also reduces the increasing pressure of medical services for the relief of minor ailment, especially when financial and human resources are limited. Worldwide, more and more governments are accepting the self-medication concept. Self-medication is a fact of life. With its broad use and social acceptance, no health policy should ignore self-medication. Rather, health policy should ask how this momentum can be leveraged to help achieve its objective.
Only knowledgeable consumers should be encouraged to practice self-medication.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts
Below is given a passage followed by several possible inferences which can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You have to examine each inference separately in the context of the passage, decide upon its degree of truth or falsity and choose your answer accordingly from amongst the alternatives provides thereafter.
Indian granite industry is in peril in the absence of a uniform policy from the State Governments, despite the thrust given by liberalization policies of the Union Government in the last two years. Compared to the remarkable progress in the field during the last three years, the absence of matching policies by State Governments had put granite quarry owners and others involved in the industry on the verge of collapse in the international market. The policies differed from state to state, had created problems as far as loyalty, dead rent and duration of lease were concerned.
The granite produced in India does not match with the quality of international level
- (a)
Definitely false
- (b)
Definitely true
- (c)
Probably false
- (d)
Probably true
- (e)
Data inadequate
Below is given a passage followed by several possible inferences which can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You have to examine each inference separately in the context of the passage, decide upon its degree of truth or falsity and choose your answer accordingly from amongst the alternatives provides thereafter.
Indian granite industry is in peril in the absence of a uniform policy from the State Governments, despite the thrust given by liberalization policies of the Union Government in the last two years. Compared to the remarkable progress in the field during the last three years, the absence of matching policies by State Governments had put granite quarry owners and others involved in the industry on the verge of collapse in the international market. The policies differed from state to state, had created problems as far as loyalty, dead rent and duration of lease were concerned.
Each state having granite quarry has set up its own rules which are contrary to the interest of the industry.
- (a)
Probably true
- (b)
Data inadequate
- (c)
Probably false
- (d)
Definitely false
- (e)
Definitely true
Below is given a passage followed by several possible inferences which can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You have to examine each inference separately in the context of the passage, decide upon its degree of truth or falsity and choose your answer accordingly from amongst the alternatives provides thereafter.
Dryland farming is the only way to not only combat recurring drought but also meet the increasing food requirements of India. About 45% of India's total crop production now comes from drylands.By the end of this century, this will have to increase to 60% if India is to provide adequate food for projected population of one billion by the turn of the century.
At present India gets larger food production from wetlands.
- (a)
Probably true
- (b)
Data inadequate
- (c)
Probably false
- (d)
Definitely false
- (e)
Definitely true
Below is given a passage followed by several possible inferences which can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You have to examine each inference separately in the context of the passage, decide upon its degree of truth or falsity and choose your answer accordingly from amongst the alternatives provides thereafter.
There is more bad news on food front. It now appears certain that there will be a shortfall of about 9 million tonnes in the food production in the current kharif season, which in turn means five million tonnes less than the production achieved in the last kharif season. However, rice procurement may only be partially affected since West and Andhra Pradesh have had sufficient rainfall while Punjab, the major contributor to the central pool is less dependent on rainfall. Still, the overall availability of rice may go down by more than four million tonnes. There may be worst news ahead.
In the last year, there was a deficit production of rice by five million tonnes.
- (a)
Probably true
- (b)
Probably false
- (c)
Definitely false
- (d)
Definitely true
- (e)
Data inadequate
The Government of India has urged the State Governments to create more job opportunities for women. All-out efforts are to be made to have more training facilities for women so that they can be gainfully employed. It is in pursuance of the recent policy decisions taken by the Government to make women self-reliant. The states have been asked to end discrimination against the fair sex so far new jobs are concerned. The same wage for women workers should also be strictly adhered to, it has been emphasized.
More job opportunities are being created for women to eradicate poverty among them.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly follows from the facts given in the passage
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' though not definitely true in the light of the facts given
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
Of the roughly 4,40,000 children who currently languish in America's foster-care system. 20,000 are available for adoption, most of them are older children between the ages of 6 and 12.Among the adoptable children, 44% are white and 43% are black. But 67% of all families waiting to adopt are white, and many of them are eager to take a black child. The hurdles, however, are often formidable. Though only three US states -- Arkansas, California and Minnesota--have laws promoting race matching in adoptions, 40 other favour the practice.
Among the adoptable children at least 10 percent are neither black nor white.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly follows from the facts given in the passage
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' though not definitely true in the light of the facts given
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
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