RRB General Ability and Intelligence - Syllogism
Exam Duration: 45 Mins Total Questions : 30
Question below are given three statements followed by three conclusions numbered, I, II and III. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions logically follows from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
All bags are files
No file is a book
Some notes are bags
Conclusions:
I. Atleast some notes are files.
II. All files being notes is a possibility.
III. No bag is a book.
- (a)
Only I follows
- (b)
Only II and III follows
- (c)
Only I and III follow
- (d)
Only II follows
- (e)
None of these
Some notes are bags \(\rightarrow \) (I-type)
All bags are files \(\rightarrow \) (A-type)
I + A ⇒ I-type of conclusion
"Some notes are files".
Hence, the conclusion I follows.
Again,
'All bags are files \(\rightarrow \) (A-type)
No file is book \(\rightarrow \) (E-type)
A + E ⇒ E-type of conclusion
"No bag is book".
Hence, the conclusion III follows
Thus some files being notes is a possibility. Hence, the conclusion II does not follow.
Question below are given three statements followed by three conclusions numbered, I, II and III. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions logically follows from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
No fruit is a leaf.
All these are leaves.
Some tree are branches.
Conclusions:
I. All branches being leaves is a possibility.
II. Some fruits are not branches.
III. Atleast some leaves are trees
- (a)
Only I follows
- (b)
All I, II and III follow
- (c)
Only I and III follow
- (d)
Only I and II follow
- (e)
None of these
'Some trees are branches' → conversion into 'All branches are trees'.
Possibility Diagram
All branches being leaves is a possibility. .
Hence, the conclusion I follows.
Again, 'All trees are leaves' → conversion into 'some leaves are trees' Hence, the conclusion III follows.
Question below are given three statements followed by three conclusions numbered, I, II and III. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions logically follows from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
No bucket is a glass
No cup is glass
All spoons are buckets
Conclusions:
I. No spoon is a glass
II. No bucket is cup
III. Some glasses are cups.
- (a)
Only II follows
- (b)
Only III follows
- (c)
Only I follows
- (d)
All I, II and III follow
- (e)
None of these
All spoons are buckets→(A-type)
No bucket is a glass → (E-type) A+ E ⇒ E-type of conclusion
'No spoon is a glass'. Hence, the conclusion I follows.
Again, First and second statements are E-type. E+ E ⇒ No conclusion.
Hence, the conclusion II does not follow. And also the conclusion III does not follow.
Question below are given three statements followed by three conclusions numbered, I, II and III. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and is then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements, disregarding commonly facts.
Statements:
Some months are weeks.
No week is a year.
All years are days.
Conclusions:
I. Some months are not years.
II. Atleast some years ar weeks.
III. All days being years is a possibility.
- (a)
Only I and III follow
- (b)
Only II and III follow
- (c)
Only I follows
- (d)
Only II follows
- (e)
None of these
Some months are weeks → (I-type)
No week is a year → (E-type) I+E ⇒ O-type of conclusion
'Some months are not years'. Hence, the conclusion I follows.
Again, 'No week is a year' conversion → into 'No year is week'. Hence, the conclusion II does not follow.
Again, All years are days' → conversion into 'Some days are years'. Hence, the conclusion III does not follow.
Question below are given three statements followed by three conclusions numbered, I, II and III. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and is then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements, disregarding commonly facts.
Statements:
All monkeys are foxes.
No lion is a fox.
All donkeys are monkeys.
Conclusions:
I. No monkey is a lion.
II. All donkeys are foxes.
III. All foxes are definitely not lions.
- (a)
Only II and III folow
- (b)
Only I and II folow
- (c)
All I, II and III follow
- (d)
None follows
- (e)
Only II follows
'No lion is a fox' → conversion into 'No fox is a lion'
All monkeys are foxes → (A-type)
No fox is a lion → (E-type)
A+ E ⇒ E-type of conclusion
'No monkey is a lion'. Hence, the conclusion I follows.
Again,
All donkeys are monkeys → (A-type)
All monkeys are foxes → (A-type)
A+ A ⇒ A-type of conclusion
'All donkeys are foxes'. Hence, the conclusion II follows.
Again 'No lion is a fox' → conversion into 'No fox is a lion'. Hence, the conclusion III follows.
Question below are given three statements followed by three conclusions numbered, I, II and III. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and is then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements, disregarding commonly facts.
Statements:
Some mirrors are drawers
No drawer is a box.
All mirrors are desks.
Conclusions:
I. Some drawers are mirrors.
II. No box is a drawer
III. No drawer is a desk.
- (a)
Only I follows
- (b)
Only II follows
- (c)
Only II and III follow
- (d)
Only I and II follow
- (e)
None of these
'Some mirrors are drawers → conversion into 'Some drawers are mirors'. Hence, the conclusion I follows.
Again, 'No drawer is a box' → conversion into 'No box is a drawer. Hence, the conclusion II follows.
Some drawers are mirrors → (I-type)
All mirrors are desks → (A-type)
I+A ⇒ I-type of conclusion
'Some drawers are desks'. Hence, the III does not follow.
Question below are given two or three statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
Some tasks are hurdles.
All hurdles are jobs.
Some jobs are works.
Conclusions:
I. Some jobs are tasks.
II. All jobs are tasks.
- (a)
Only conclusion II is true
- (b)
Only conclusion I is true
- (c)
Both conclusions I and II are true
- (d)
Neither conclusion I nor II is true
- (e)
Either conclusion I or II is true
Some tasks are hurdles → (I-type)
All hurdles are jobs → (A-type)
I+A ⇒ I-type of conclusion
'Some tasks are jobs' ⇒ conversion into 'Some jobs are tasks'. Hence, the conclusion I follows. But the conclusion II does not follow.
Question below are given two or three statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
All Ministers are Deans
Some Deans are Heads
Some Heads are Principals.
Conclusions:
I. No principal is a Minister.
II. All Heads being Ministers is a possibility.
- (a)
Neither conclusion I nor II is true
- (b)
Both conclusions I and II are true
- (c)
Either conclusion I or II is true
- (d)
Only conclusion II is true
- (e)
Only conclusion I is true
There is no negative statement. Thus, the negative conclusion does not follow. Hence, the conclusion I does not follow. Again,
All Ministers are Deans → (A-type)
Some Deans are Heads → (I-type)
A+I ⇒ No conclusion. But the possibility in II exists. Hence, the conclusion II follows.
Question below are given two or three statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
No queue is a line
Some queues are rows.
Conclusions:
I. No row is a line.
II. All rows are lines.
- (a)
Only conclusion II is true
- (b)
Either conclusion I or II is true
- (c)
Only conclusion I is true
- (d)
Neither conclusion I nor II is true
- (e)
Both conclusions I and II are true
'Some queues are rows' → conversion into 'Some rows are queues'
Some rows are queues → (I-type)
No queue → (E-type)
I+E ⇒ O-type of conclusion
'Some rows are not lines'. Hence, neither conclusion I nor II follows.
Question below are given three statements followed by three conclusions numbered, I, II and III. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions logically follows from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
All frogs are amphibians.
Some turtles are amphibians.
All turtles are reptiles
Conclusions:
I. Atleast some amphibians are reptiles.
II. No frog is a turtle.
- (a)
Either conclusion I or II is true
- (b)
Only conclusion II is true
- (c)
Both conclusions I and II are true
- (d)
Only conclusions I is true
- (e)
Neither conclusion I nor II is true
'Some turtles are amphibians' → conversation into 'Some amphibians are turtles'.
Some amphibians are turtles → (I-type)
All turtles are reptiles → (A-type)
I+A ⇒ I-type of conclusion
Some amphibians are reptiles. Hence, the conclusion I follows.
Question below are given three statements followed by three conclusions numbered, I, II and III. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions logically follows from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
Some plants are trees.
All trees are weeds.
All weeds are shrubs.
Conclusions:
I. All trees are shrubs.
II. All shrubs being plants is a possibility.
- (a)
Only conclusion II is true
- (b)
Neither conclusion I nor II is true
- (c)
Only conclusion I is true
- (d)
Either conclusion I or II is true
- (e)
Both conclusions I and II are true
All trees are weeds → (A-type)
All weeds are shrubs → (A-type)
A+A ⇒ A-type of conclusion.
All trees are shrubs'. Hence, the conclusion I follows. Again,
Some plants are trees → (I-type)
All trees are weeds → (A-type)
I+ A ⇒ I-type of conclusion
Some plants are weeds.
Some plants are weeds → (I-type)
All weeds are shrubs → (A-type)
I+ A ⇒ I-type of conclusion.
'Some plants are shrubs'. Thus the possibility in II exists. Hence, the conclusion II follows.
Question below are given three statements followed by three conclusions numbered, I, II and III. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
Some keys are doors.
No lock is a key
All doors are windows.
Conclusions:
I. Atleast some keys are definitely.
II. Atleast some doors are not locks.
III. No window is a door.
- (a)
Only I follows
- (b)
Only I and II follow
- (c)
Only III follows
- (d)
None follows
- (e)
Only II follows
Some keys are doors → (I-type)
All doors are windows → (A-type)
I+A ⇒ I-type of conclusion
'Some keys are windows'. Hence, the conclusion I follows. Again,
No lock is a key → (E-type)
Some keys are doors → (l-type)
E+ I ⇒ O-type of conolusion
'Some doors are not locks'. Hence, the conclusion II follows.
All doors are windows' → conversion into 'Some windows are doors'. Hence, the conclusion III does not follow.
Question below are given three statements followed by three conclusions numbered, I, II and III. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
No plate is a bowl.
Some bowls are spoons
All glasses are spoons.
Conclusions:
I. Some spoons are not plates.
II. Atleast some bowls are plates.
III. No bowl is a glass.
- (a)
Only I follows
- (b)
Only I and II follow
- (c)
Only II follows
- (d)
All I, II and III follow
- (e)
None of these
No plate is a bowl → (E-type)
Some bowls are spoons → (I-type)
E+ I ⇒ O-type of conclusion. 'Some' spoons are not plates'. Hence, the conclusion I follows. Again,
'No plate is a bowl' → conversion into 'Some spoons are bowls'.
All glass are spoons → (A-type)
Some spoons are bowls → (I-type)
A+I ⇒ No conclusion
'Some bowls are glasses' is true. Hence, the conclusion III does not follow.
Question below are given three statements followed by three conclusions numbered, I, II and III. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and is then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
Some goals are ranks
No goal is a game.
All games are players.
Conclusions:
I. Some ranks are definitely not games.
II. All ranks being goals is a possibility.
- (a)
if only Conclusion I follows
- (b)
if only Conclusion II follow
- (c)
if only either Conclusion I or II follows
- (d)
if neither Conclusion I nor II follows
- (e)
if both Conclusion I and II follows
Some goals are ranks → conversion into 'Some ranks are goals'
Some ranks are goals → (I-type)
No goal is a game → (E - type)
I + E ⇒ O - type of conclusion.
'Some ranks are not games'. Hence, the conclusion I follows. But the possibility in II does not exist. Hence, the conclusion II follows.
Question below are given three statements followed by three conclusions numbered, I, II and III. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and is then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
All files are documents
Some dictionary are documents
No picture is a file
Conclusions:
I. All documents being dictionary is a possibility.
II. Some documents are files.
- (a)
if only Conclusion I follows
- (b)
if only Conclusion II follows
- (c)
if only either Conclusion I or II follows
- (d)
if neither Conclusion I nor II follows
- (e)
if both Conclusion I and II follows
Some dictionary are documents → conversion into 'All documents are dictionary
From second statement in the possibility in I exists. Hence, the conclusion I follows.
Again, All files are documents → conversation into 'Some documents are files'
Hence, the conclusion II follows
Question below are given three statements followed by three conclusions numbered, I, II and III. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and is then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
All files are documents
Some dictionary are documents
No picture is a file
Conclusions:
I. Some documents are pictures.
II. All files are definitely not pictures.
- (a)
if only Conclusion I follows
- (b)
if only Conclusion II follows
- (c)
if only either Conclusion I or II follows
- (d)
if neither Conclusion I nor II follows
- (e)
if both Conclusion I and II follows
No picture is a file → (E - type)
All files are documents → (A - type)
E + A ⇒ O-type of conclusion.
'Some documents are not pictures'. Hence, the conclusion I does not follow.
Again,
No picture is a file → conversion into 'No file is a picture', Thus, All files are not pictures. Hence, the conclusion II follows.
Question below are given three statements followed by three conclusions numbered, I, II and III. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and is then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
Some doctors are clerks.
No clerk is teacher.
No teacher is a banker.
Conclusions:
I. Some teachers are not doctors.
II. No clerk is a banker.
- (a)
if only Conclusion I follows
- (b)
if only Conclusion II follows
- (c)
if either Conclusion I or II follows
- (d)
if neither Conclusion I nor II follows
- (e)
if both Conclusion I and II follows
Some doctors are clerks → (I - type)
No clerk is a teacher → (E - type)
I + E ⇒ O - type of conclusion
Some doctors are not teachers → conversion into 'Some teachers are not doctors'. Hence, the conclusion I does not follow.
Again,
No clerk is a teacher → (E - type)
No teacher is a banker → (E - type)
E + E ⇒ No conclusion. Hence, the conclusion II does not follow.
Question below are given three statements followed by three conclusions numbered, I, II and III. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and is then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
All mobiles are phones.
No tab is phone.
Some computers are tabs.
Conclusions:
I. No mobile is a tab.
II. No phone is a tab.
- (a)
if only Conclusion I follows
- (b)
if only Conclusion II follows
- (c)
if either Conclusion I or II follows
- (d)
if neither Conclusion I nor II follows
- (e)
if both Conclusion I and II follows
No tab is a phone → conversion into 'No phone is a tab'.
All mobiles are phones → (A - type)
No phone is a tab → (E - type)
A + E ⇒ E - type of conclusion.
'No mobile is a tab'. Hence, the conclusion I follows.
Again, No tab is a phone → conversion into 'No phone is a tab'. Hence, the' conclusion II follows.
Question three statements followed by three conclusions numbered, I, II and III. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
No towel is a cloth.
All cloths are shirts.
Some cloths are cotton.
Conclusions:
I. All cotton being shirts is a possibility.
II. Some shirts are not cloths.
III. At least some shirts are definitely not towels.
- (a)
Only I follows
- (b)
Only I and III follow
- (c)
Only II and III follow
- (d)
All I, II and III follow
- (e)
None of these
There is I no negative statement between 'shirts' and 'cottons'. Thus, the possibility in I exists. Hence, conclusion I follows.
Again,
Allcloths are shirts' → conversion into 'some shirts are cloths'.
Hence, the conclusion II does not follow.
Again,
No towel is a cloth → (E - type)
All cloths are shirts → (A - type)
E + A ⇒ O- type of conclusion
'Some shirts are not towels'. Hence, the conclusion III follows
Question three statements followed by three conclusions numbered, I, II and III. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
No tree is a plant.
All trees are branches.
No branch is a root.
Conclusions:
I. No root is a tree
II. At least some branches are not plants.
III. Some branches are trees.
- (a)
Only I follows
- (b)
Only II follows
- (c)
All I, II and III follow
- (d)
None follows
- (e)
Only III follows
All trees are branches → (A - type)
No branch is a root → (E - type)
A + E ⇒ E - type of conclusion
'No tree is a root' → conversion into 'No root is a tree'. Hence, the conclusion I follows.
Again,
No tree is a plant → conversion into 'No plant is a tree'.
'No plant is a tree' → (E - type)
All trees are branches → (A - type)
E + A ⇒ 0 - type of conclusion.
'Some branches are not plants'. Hence, the conclusion II follows.
Again,
All trees are branches → conversion into 'Some branches are trees'. Hence, the conclusion III follows.
In this questions two/three statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II have been given. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
Some ideas are clues.
Some clues are hints.
No hint is a notion.
Conclusions:
I. No idea is a hint
II. At least some ideas are hints.
- (a)
Only conclusion I follows
- (b)
Either conclusion I or II follows
- (c)
Only conclusion II follows
- (d)
Neither conclusion I nor II follows
- (e)
Both conclusions I and II follow
Some ideas are clues → (I - type)
Some clues are hints → (I - type)
I + I ⇒ No conclusion. Hence, conclusion I and II do not follow. 'But conclusions I and II make a complementary pair. So either conclusion I or II follow.
In this questions two/three statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II have been given. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
All gardens are parks.
All parks are lawns.
Some lawns are orchards.
Conclusions:
I. At least some orchards are gardens.
II. All lawns are parks.
- (a)
Only conclusion II is true
- (b)
Neither conclusion I nor II is true
- (c)
Only conclusion I is true
- (d)
Either conclusion I or II is true
- (e)
Both conclusions I and II are true
All gardens are parks → (A - type)
All parks are lawns → (A- type)
A + A ⇒ A - type of conclusion
'All gardens are lawns'
All gardens are lawns (A - type)
Some lawns are orchards (I - type)
A + 1 ⇒ No conclusion. Hence, the conclusion 1 does not follow.
Again,
All parks are lawns' → conversion into 'Some lawns are parks'. Hence, the conclusion II does not follow.
In this questions two/three statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II have been given. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
All gardens are parks.
All parks are lawns.
Some lawns are orchards.
Conclusions:
I. All gardens are lawns.
II. All orchards being parks is a possibility.
- (a)
Both conclusions I and II follow
- (b)
Only conclusion I nor II follows
- (c)
Neither conclusion I nor II follows
- (d)
Either conclusion I or II follows
- (e)
Only conclusion I follows
All gardens are parks → (A - type)
All parks are lawns → (A - type)
A + A ⇒ A - type of conclusion.
All gardens are lawns'. Hence, the conclusion 1follows.
Again,
All parks are lawns → (A- type)
Some lawns are orchards - (I - type)
A + I ⇒ No conclusion. But there is no negative statement. Thus the possibility in II exists. Hence, the conclusion II follows.
Possibility - Venn diagram
In this questions two/three statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II have been given. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
No spice is a flavour.
No flavour is a colour.
Conclusions:
I. At least some spices are colours.
II. All spices being colours is a possibility.
- (a)
Either conclusion I or II follows
- (b)
Only I follows
- (c)
Only conclusion II follows
- (d)
Neither conclusion I nor II follows
- (e)
Both conclusions I and II follow
No spice is a flavour → (E - type)
No flavour is a colour → (E - type)
E + E ⇒ No conclusion. Hence, the conclusion I does not follow. But the 'possibility in II exists. Hence, II follows.
In this questions two/three statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II have been given. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
No cream is a lotion.
Some lotions are perfumes.
Conclusions:
I. All perfumes are lotions.
II. No cream is a perfume.
- (a)
Both conclusions I and II are true
- (b)
Neither conclusion I nor II is true
- (c)
Either conclusion I or II is true
- (d)
Only conclusion I is true
- (e)
Only conclusion II is true
No cream is a lotion → (E - type)
Some lotions are perfumes → (I - type)
E + I ⇒ O - type of conclusion.
'Some perfumes are not creams'. Hence, the conclusion II does not follow.
Again,
'Some lotions are perfumes' → conversion into 'Some perfumes are lotions'. Hence, the conclusion I does not follow.
In this questions two/three statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II have been given. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
All legumes are pulses.
Some pulses are grains.
No grain is a crop.
Conclusions:
I. All legumes are crops.
II. All pulses can never be crops.
- (a)
Only conclusion II is true
- (b)
Only conclusion I is true
- (c)
Either conclusion I or II is true
- (d)
Both conclusions I and II are true
- (e)
Neither conclusion I nor II is true
Some pulses are grains → (I - type)
No grain is a crop → (E - type)
I + E ⇒ O - type of conclusion.
'Some pulses are not crops'. Hence, conclusion II follows.
Again,
All lequmes are pulses → (A - type)
Some pulses are not crops → (0 - type)
A + O ⇒ No conclusion. Hence, the conclusion I does not follow.
In this questions two/three statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II have been given. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
All legumes are pulses.
Some pulses are grains.
No grain is a crop.
Conclusions:
I. All crops being pulses is a possibility.
II. At least some grains are legumes.
- (a)
Only conclusion II is true
- (b)
Neither conclusion I nor II is true
- (c)
Both conclusions I and II are true
- (d)
Only conclusion I is true
- (e)
Either conclusion I or II is true
Some pulses are grains → (I - type)
No grain is a crop → (E - type)
I + E ⇒ O - type of conclusion.
'Some pulses are not crops'. Thus the possibility in I exists. Hence, the conclusion I follows.
Again,
All legumes are pulses → (A - type)
Some pulses are grains → (I - type)
A + I ⇒ No conclusion. Hence, the conclusion II does not follow.
Question below are given two or three statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
All packets are envelopes.
No envelope is a gift.
Some gifts are boxes.
Conclusions:
I. All envelopes are packets.
II. All boxes can never be envelopes.
- (a)
if only conclusion I follows
- (b)
if only conclusion II follows
- (c)
if either conclusion I nor II follows
- (d)
if neither conclusion I nor II follows
- (e)
if both conclusions I and II follow
Statement I → All packets are envelopes
The true conclusion is "Some envelopes are packets". Hence, the conclusion I does not follow.
Again,
No envelope is a gift → (E - type)
Some gifts are boxes → (I - type)
E + I ⇒ O - type of conclusion
'Some boxes are not envelopes'. Hence, the conclusion II follows.
Question below are given two or three statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
All packets are envelopes.
No envelope is a gift.
Some gifts are boxes.
Conclusions:
I. All packets being boxes is a possibility.
II. No packet is a gift.
- (a)
if only conclusion I follows
- (b)
if only conclusion II follows
- (c)
if either conclusion I nor II follows
- (d)
if neither conclusion I nor II follows
- (e)
if both conclusions I and II follow
All packets are envelopes → (A - type)
No envelope is a gift → (E - type)
A + E ⇒ E - type of conclusion 'No packet is a gift'.
Hence, the conclusion II follows.
Again,
No packet is a gift → (E- type)
Some gifts are boxes → (I - type) E + I ⇒ O - type of conclusion. 'Some boxes are not packets'. But the possibility in conclusion I.
Possibility diagram
Hence, the conclusion II follows.
Question below are given two or three statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
All diaries are novels.
All novels are biographies
Some biographies are scripts.
Conclusions:
I. All diaries are biographies.
II. Some scripts are definitely not novels.
- (a)
if only conclusion I follows
- (b)
if only conclusion II follows
- (c)
if either conclusion I nor II follows
- (d)
if neither conclusion I nor II follows
- (e)
if both conclusions I and II follow
All diaries are novels → (A - type)
All novels are biographies → (A - type)
A + A ⇒ A - type of conclusion
'All diaries are biographies'. Hence, the conclusion I follows.
Again,
All novels are biographies → (A - type)
Some biographies are scripts → (A - type)
A + I ⇒ No conclusion. Hence, conclusion II does not follow.