TNPSC Logical Reasoning - Deriving Conclusions From Passages
Exam Duration: 45 Mins Total Questions : 30
India needs higher investment in the port sector and still lags far behind the international ports in container traffic, though there has been considerable growth in this segment over the past few years. There is a need to continually benchmark Indian ports against the best ports worldwide and continue to engage in policy efforts so to attain prices per container of port services which are the lowest in the world. The average turn-around time for ships docking at most of the ports in India has been falling for the past three years. However, pre-berthing time has been marginally increasing over the years.
Pre-berthing time is gradually decreasing over the years.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
If you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; andif you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
Cotton Acreage in India during the current year has fallen by 10% as cotton growers had moved on cultivation of other cash crops. This is the result of the cotton glut in world markets in post-September 11 and the consequent slowdown in the world economy. But this scenario brought with it benefits to one segment of the industry - yarn manufacturers, as they get higher prices for their produce. Some yarn manufacturers too had stocked up on low priced cotton last year. The combined effect of all this is evident in the rise in net profits and net margins of yarn manufacturers.
There has been a huge drop in the supply of cotton during the current year.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
A radical surgery procedure, laughed at not long ago, is holding our fresh hope for patients of cardiac myopathy, or enlargement of the heart. The technique now in India, allows patients to go home two weeks after the operation, to lead a near-normal sedentary life. Cardiac myopathy is a condition that has a variety of causative factors. An attack from one of the 20 identified viruses, parasite infection, long-term alcohol abuse and blood pressure could bring it on and in rare cases, it could follow, childbirth and even known to run in families. The condition is marked by an increase in the size of the heart's chambers and a decrease in the efficiency of pumping.
The efficiency of the heart is inversely proportional to the size of the heart.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
More than a decade of erosion in budgetary support from the Union Government, has seriously affected Indian Railways' capacity to finance its plan expenditures. The situation has come to a pass where the railways must now think of innovative ways to get longer mileage from its investments. Significantly the resource crunch has had grievous impact on the railways. As a result, it will not be in a position to acquire necessary equipments and this will seriously affect the railways' capacity to serve the needs of the economy in future.
Railways had so far believed in traditional ways in generating income.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e., from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
More than a decade of erosion in budgetary support from the Union Government, has seriously affected Indian Railways' capacity to finance its plan expenditures. The situation has come to a pass where the railways must now think of innovative ways to get longer mileage from its investments. Significantly the resource crunch has had grievous impact on the railways. As a result, it will not be in a position to acquire necessary equipments and this will seriously affect the railways' capacity to serve the needs of the economy in future.
Government has shifted its priority from railways to other areas.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e., from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
More than a decade of erosion in budgetary support from the Union Government, has seriously affected Indian Railways' capacity to finance its plan expenditures. The situation has come to a pass where the railways must now think of innovative ways to get longer mileage from its investments. Significantly the resource crunch has had grievous impact on the railways. As a result, it will not be in a position to acquire necessary equipments and this will seriously affect the railways' capacity to serve the needs of the economy in future.
During the current plan period, the railways will not be able to expand its network.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e., from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
Though the state cultivates only 3,2 lakh tonnes of mangoes, they are of premium quality and with mangoes becoming second most consumed fruit in the world after grapes, the government has been trying exporting it through sea route which is cheaper. An experiment which was done in this regard last year has proved successful.
The state also exports good quality grapes.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
The basic thrust of the Government's policy is to provide price incentives to farmers to make them produce more food. But is a price incentive system., always efficient in ensuring incremental yields? Our contention is that this incentive works only in persuading farmers to shift cultivation from one crop to another depending on which crop is more profitable and the given prices. But if would not be a sufficient condition in ensuring incremental output of all crops which is what is required.
Recently there was an agitation by farmers for increase in procurement price of crops.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
The explosive growth in demand for castor oil abroad is bringing about a silent change in the castor seed economy of Gujarat. The State is well on its way to emerge as a strong manufacturing centre for castor oil relegating to background its current status as a big trading centre. The business prospects for export of castor oil which is converted into value-added derivatives are so good that a number of castor seed crushing units have already come up and others are on the anvil.
India can produces enough castor oil to export after meeting the domestic demand.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e., from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
In India, the asbestos industry is growing and employs more than 15,000 people in 75 units which are spread over several states like Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh etc. Surprisingly, advanced countries are banning cancer causing asbestos products, multinational companies are from those countries which are setting up units in developing countries like India, one reason being lack of awareness in the society and indifference of the government machinery of these countries. Prolonged exposure to asbestos dust and fibres can cause lung cancer but most workers in India are too afraid to pots for fear of losing jobs. Some of these factories are operating in Mumbai. Quite a few of the factories in India are not known to take adequate precautions to protect workers from asbestos dust.
The Government is taking several steps to provide medical inspection of workers. In fact it has amended Factories Act to extend the provision to even those factories employing less than 10 workers.
The asbestos industries in India are located in few metropolitan pockets only.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
In India, the asbestos industry is growing and employs more than 15,000 people in 75 units which are spread over several states like Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh etc. Surprisingly, advanced countries are banning cancer causing asbestos products, multinational companies are from those countries which are setting up units in developing countries like India, one reason being lack of awareness in the society and indifference of the government machinery of these countries. Prolonged exposure to asbestos dust and fibres can cause lung cancer but most workers in India are too afraid to pots for fear of losing jobs. Some of these factories are operating in Mumbai. Quite a few of the factories in India are not known to take adequate precautions to protect workers from asbestos dust.
The Government is taking several steps to provide medical inspection of workers. In fact it has amended Factories Act to extend the provision to even those factories employing less than 10 workers.
The workers from asbestos industries do not protect against the health hazards and lack of medical facilities as most of them do not suffer from asbestos dust.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
In India, the asbestos industry is growing and employs more than 15,000 people in 75 units which are spread over several states like Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh etc. Surprisingly, advanced countries are banning cancer causing asbestos products, multinational companies are from those countries which are setting up units in developing countries like India, one reason being lack of awareness in the society and indifference of the government machinery of these countries. Prolonged exposure to asbestos dust and fibres can cause lung cancer but most workers in India are too afraid to pots for fear of losing jobs. Some of these factories are operating in Mumbai. Quite a few of the factories in India are not known to take adequate precautions to protect workers from asbestos dust.
The Government is taking several steps to provide medical inspection of workers. In fact it has amended Factories Act to extend the provision to even those factories employing less than 10 workers.
The demand for asbestos products appears to be growing in India.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
The smaller pesticide formulation units in India operate under heavy constraints such as obsolete technology, small scale of operation and dependence on large units for raw materials.In view of the loss of expensive material by the smaller units it is important to either eliminate or reduce losses to the extent possible through innovative and sustainable waste minimization techniques. Operating profit margins of the units are very low and small adverse conditions land these companies in trouble. Maximum losses suffered by these units are through poor housekeeping, sub-optional operating practices, and lack of proper opportunities for recycling waste.
Waste management process in India needs modernization.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e., from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
One of the greatest advantages a company has over its competitors is a system of distribution and product support, i.e., the dealer network. Dealers play a vital role in helping a company build and maintain close relationships with customers and gain insights into how they can improve their products and services to fulfill customer needs. And a company can achieve customer loyalty through dealer loyalty. Therefore, it must make efforts to build their competence, for more effective performance. Dealers who are long established members of a company can get close to customers, but to tap the full potential of such dealers, a company must forge extremely close ties with them and integrate them into its critical business systems. When treated this way dealers can serve as a source of market intelligence, as proxies for customers, as consultants and the dealers. Although these investments take the usual form of money, it also includes softer aspects such as training and development.
A company which has a good chain of loyal dealers need not spend money on advertising.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e., from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
Economic liberalization and globalization have put pressure on Indian industry, particularly on the service sector, to offer quality products and service at low costs and with high speed. Organizations have to compete with unequal partners from abroad. It is well recognized that developing countries like India are already behind other countries technologically,in many areas, although some of them, particularly India boast of huge scientific and technical man power. In addition to this i fan entrepreneur or industrialist has to spend a lot of his time, money and energy in dealing with unpredictable services and in negotiating with the local bureaucracy, it can have a significant dampening effect on business.
No other developing country except India claims that they have highly trained technical manpower.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
Below is given a passage followed by several possible inferences which can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You have to examine each inference separately in the context of the passage, decide upon its degree of truth or falsity and choose your answer accordingly from amongst the alternatives provides thereafter.
Wind is an inexhaustible source of energy and an aerogenerator can convert it into electricity. Though not much has so far been done in this field, the survey shows that there is a vast potential for developing wind as an alternative source of energy. The wind survey has four components - direction, duration, speed and distribution.On this basis U.P. hill areas have been found an ideal place for setting up aerogenerators. In U.P. hills alone, as many as 58 sites have been identified.
Energy by wind is a comparatively new emerging field.
- (a)
Probably true
- (b)
Probably false
- (c)
Definitely true
- (d)
Data inadequate
- (e)
Definitely false
Self-medication has evolved rapidly over the years to provide symptomatic relief for minor ailments. One can safely define responsible self-medication, as the informed and rationale choice of consumers, to treat themselves and their family members with appropriate, affordable drugs of acceptable quality. Responsible self-medication can help prevent and treat symptoms and ailments that do no require medical consultation. Moreover, it also reduces the increasing pressure of medical services for the relief of minor ailment, especially when financial and human resources are limited. Worldwide, more and more governments are accepting the self-medication concept. Self-medication is a fact of life. With its broad use and social acceptance, no health policy should ignore self-medication. Rather, health policy should ask how this momentum can be leveraged to help achieve its objective.
Only knowledgeable consumers should be encouraged to practice self-medication.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts
Self-medication has evolved rapidly over the years to provide symptomatic relief for minor ailments. One can safely define responsible self-medication, as the informed and rationale choice of consumers, to treat themselves and their family members with appropriate, affordable drugs of acceptable quality. Responsible self-medication can help prevent and treat symptoms and ailments that do no require medical consultation. Moreover, it also reduces the increasing pressure of medical services for the relief of minor ailment, especially when financial and human resources are limited. Worldwide, more and more governments are accepting the self-medication concept. Self-medication is a fact of life. With its broad use and social acceptance, no health policy should ignore self-medication. Rather, health policy should ask how this momentum can be leveraged to help achieve its objective.
Comparatively more people adopt self-medication in the western countries.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
Below is given a passage followed by several possible inferences which can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You have to examine each inference separately in the context of the passage, decide upon its degree of truth or falsity and choose your answer accordingly from amongst the alternatives provides thereafter.
Indian granite industry is in peril in the absence of a uniform policy from the State Governments, despite the thrust given by liberalization policies of the Union Government in the last two years. Compared to the remarkable progress in the field during the last three years, the absence of matching policies by State Governments had put granite quarry owners and others involved in the industry on the verge of collapse in the international market. The policies differed from state to state, had created problems as far as loyalty, dead rent and duration of lease were concerned.
The Union Government's liberalization policy became applicable to granite industry only during the last two years.
- (a)
Definitely true
- (b)
Probably true
- (c)
Data inadequate
- (d)
Probably false
- (e)
Definitely false
Below is given a passage followed by several possible inferences which can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You have to examine each inference separately in the context of the passage, decide upon its degree of truth or falsity and choose your answer accordingly from amongst the alternatives provides thereafter.
The interest rates in the institutional market have come down significantly and at present are in the range of 5.25 to 5.75 percent per annum. However, interest rates on small savings schemes such as the Post Office Saving Schemes, RBI Relief Bonds, Provident Fund and PPF continue to be administered at high levels in relation to market rates. These schemes also have a variety of tax incentives, which result in much higher post-tax returns and on the flip side more liability for the government. It is ironic that it is predominantly the urban population (and more often people in the high tax bracket), which is benefiting from high rates and tax benefits. The size of small savings has assumed a significant proportion of financial savings in the country. This has also increased dramatically the debt service burden of both Central and State Governments.
The interest rates on small savings have decreased considerably during the last few years.
- (a)
Definitely false
- (b)
Definitely true
- (c)
Probably false
- (d)
Probably true
- (e)
Data inadequate
Below is given a passage followed by several possible inferences which can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You have to examine each inference separately in the context of the passage, decide upon its degree of truth or falsity and choose your answer accordingly from amongst the alternatives provides thereafter.
Dryland farming is the only way to not only combat recurring drought but also meet the increasing food requirements of India. About 45% of India's total crop production now comes from drylands.By the end of this century, this will have to increase to 60% if India is to provide adequate food for projected population of one billion by the turn of the century.
India is self-sufficient in food production.
- (a)
Definitely true
- (b)
Probably true
- (c)
Data inadequate
- (d)
Probably false
- (e)
Definitely false
The domestic market for electronic hardware in the country is likely to grow from Rs.1800 crore to about Rs.6500 crore per annum in the next few years. The Government is likely to further restrict foreign exchange needed for imports. So far, India has been importing about 80 percent of the components required for manufacturing electronics gadgets. The country produced only 'passive components' like resistors, capacitors and conductors. Even integrated circuits (ICs) are being produced in a small way at high cost.Semi-conductors have remained India's weak spot.
All the integrated circuits required for India are imported from U.S.A.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly follows from the facts given in the passage
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' though not definitely true in the light of the facts given
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
Below is given a passage followed by several possible inferences which can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You have to examine each inference separately in the context of the passage, decide upon its degree of truth or falsity and choose your answer accordingly from amongst the alternatives provides thereafter.
There is more bad news on food front. It now appears certain that there will be a shortfall of about 9 million tonnes in the food production in the current kharif season, which in turn means five million tonnes less than the production achieved in the last kharif season. However, rice procurement may only be partially affected since West and Andhra Pradesh have had sufficient rainfall while Punjab, the major contributor to the central pool is less dependent on rainfall. Still, the overall availability of rice may go down by more than four million tonnes. There may be worst news ahead.
In the last year, there was a deficit production of rice by five million tonnes.
- (a)
Probably true
- (b)
Probably false
- (c)
Definitely false
- (d)
Definitely true
- (e)
Data inadequate
Below is given a passage followed by several possible inferences which can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You have to examine each inference separately in the context of the passage, decide upon its degree of truth or falsity and choose your answer accordingly from amongst the alternatives provides thereafter.
There is more bad news on food front. It now appears certain that there will be a shortfall of about 9 million tonnes in the food production in the current kharif season, which in turn means five million tonnes less than the production achieved in the last kharif season. However, rice procurement may only be partially affected since West and Andhra Pradesh have had sufficient rainfall while Punjab, the major contributor to the central pool is less dependent on rainfall. Still, the overall availability of rice may go down by more than four million tonnes. There may be worst news ahead.
It is likely that production of rice will be below the normal level in the next year.
- (a)
Probably false
- (b)
Definitely false
- (c)
Data inadequate
- (d)
Definitely true
- (e)
Probably true
The Government of India has urged the State Governments to create more job opportunities for women. All-out efforts are to be made to have more training facilities for women so that they can be gainfully employed. It is in pursuance of the recent policy decisions taken by the Government to make women self-reliant. The states have been asked to end discrimination against the fair sex so far new jobs are concerned. The same wage for women workers should also be strictly adhered to, it has been emphasized.
More job opportunities are being created for women to eradicate poverty among them.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly follows from the facts given in the passage
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' though not definitely true in the light of the facts given
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
The Government of India has urged the State Governments to create more job opportunities for women. All-out efforts are to be made to have more training facilities for women so that they can be gainfully employed. It is in pursuance of the recent policy decisions taken by the Government to make women self-reliant. The states have been asked to end discrimination against the fair sex so far new jobs are concerned. The same wage for women workers should also be strictly adhered to, it has been emphasized.
The Government emphasizes on equality of men and women
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly follows from the facts given in the passage
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' though not definitely true in the light of the facts given
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
The Government of India has urged the State Governments to create more job opportunities for women. All-out efforts are to be made to have more training facilities for women so that they can be gainfully employed. It is in pursuance of the recent policy decisions taken by the Government to make women self-reliant. The states have been asked to end discrimination against the fair sex so far new jobs are concerned. The same wage for women workers should also be strictly adhered to, it has been emphasized.
Women should be given higher wages than men to make them self-reliant.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly follows from the facts given in the passage
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' though not definitely true in the light of the facts given
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
Below is given a passage followed by several possible inferences which can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You have to examine each inference separately in the context of the passage, decide upon its degree of truth or falsity and choose your answer accordingly from amongst the alternatives provides thereafter.
The caffeine in one morning's coffee or tea may improve the complex reasoning ability of extroverts but has the opposite effect on introverts. More than 700 people were given caffeine equal to no more than cups of coffee and then tested on word analogies, sentence completion, and identification of antonyms. the researchers believe that the caffeine was beneficial to the extroverts in the morning because they take longer to wake up. Introverts are more alert in the morning and become overstimulated by the drug which interferes with their reasoning power.
Extroverts do not find caffeine beneficial in the evening.
- (a)
Data inadequate
- (b)
Definitely true
- (c)
Definitely false
- (d)
Probably true
- (e)
Probably false
Laws governing the cooperative societies are uniform in all states. These laws give the member of a housing society the right to nomination during his life time. This is quite unlike the rule in other property related cases where nomination comes into force after the demise of the member. The question then arises that, can the nominee get full proprietorial rights over a flat merely because he has been nominated by a deceased member of the society. Many people are under the wrong impression that once a nomination form has been filled, their responsibility is over and that the nominee would have no problem acquiring the property.And, that the legal heirs of the member will pose no problem for the nominee.
Property related laws are more or less same in all the states.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly follows from the facts given in the passage
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' though not definitely true in the light of the facts given
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
Of the roughly 4,40,000 children who currently languish in America's foster-care system. 20,000 are available for adoption, most of them are older children between the ages of 6 and 12.Among the adoptable children, 44% are white and 43% are black. But 67% of all families waiting to adopt are white, and many of them are eager to take a black child. The hurdles, however, are often formidable. Though only three US states -- Arkansas, California and Minnesota--have laws promoting race matching in adoptions, 40 other favour the practice.
Children beyond 12 years of age are less suitable for adoption.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly follows from the facts given in the passage
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' though not definitely true in the light of the facts given
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.