Logical Reasoning - Deriving Conclusions From Passages
Exam Duration: 60 Mins Total Questions : 30
The clock's ticking for the elders as the rules for senior citizens' scheme have been changed. The rules for this scheme were changed only a few days ago. Those who are above 55 years of age, but less than 60 years, and have retired on superannuation and otherwise will be eligible. The key condition is that the scheme is not restricted to a voluntary retirement scheme, but all kinds of retirees are eligible for it. A larger number of people, hence, are set to benefit from this scheme provided certain conditions are fulfilled, i,e., the account has to be opened within one month of the receipt of retirement benefits and a certificate from the employer has to be submitted with the application form. For those who have crossed 60 years, the scheme provides a good avenue for investment as it has an interest rate of 9 percent which is marginally higher than the effective rate on the post office monthly saving scheme and other small savings instruments.
Before the senior citizen scheme was changed, there were hardly any savings schemes which benefited the retirees.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e. from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
The clock's ticking for the elders as the rules for senior citizens' scheme have been changed. The rules for this scheme were changed only a few days ago. Those who are above 55 years of age, but less than 60 years, and have retired on superannuation and otherwise will be eligible. The key condition is that the scheme is not restricted to a voluntary retirement scheme, but all kinds of retirees are eligible for it. A larger number of people, hence, are set to benefit from this scheme provided certain conditions are fulfilled, i,e., the account has to be opened within one month of the receipt of retirement benefits and a certificate from the employer has to be submitted with the application form. For those who have crossed 60 years, the scheme provides a good avenue for investment as it has an interest rate of 9 percent which is marginally higher than the effective rate on the post office monthly saving scheme and other small savings instruments.
All those above 55 years of age are eligible for this scheme
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e., from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
A radical surgery procedure, laughed at not long ago, is holding our fresh hope for patients of cardiac myopathy, or enlargement of the heart. The technique now in India, allows patients to go home two weeks after the operation, to lead a near-normal sedentary life. Cardiac myopathy is a condition that has a variety of causative factors. An attack from one of the 20 identified viruses, parasite infection, long term alcohol abuse and blood pressure could bring it on and in rare cases, it could follow, child birth and even known to run in families. The condition is marked by an increase in the size of the heart's chambers and a decrease in the efficiency of pumping.
Earlier the patients suffering from cardiac myopathy were required to travel abroad for such operation.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
It is generally accepted that if the monsoon is poor in any given year, it will have a significantly negative impact on the lives of millions. Some lives, such as those of the farmers, are affected directly because of poor crop yield; others are affected indirectly as the economic growth slows down. Similarly, the years with good monsoon bring smile and prosperity to the lives of many. For instance, India recorded a sharp jump in its rate of growth after years of good performance in the recent years. This unfortunate cycle affects the lives of millions of poor and hapless. But it need not be this way. In the jargon of financial economics, monsoon risk is a diversifiable risk. In other words, it is an insurance risk. Though one might wonder who will provide the insurance against poor monsoons if everyone is adversely affected by poor monsoon? The Answer is - the international investor
All over the world diversifiable risks are always covered by the insurance companies.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e., from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
Pollution amounts to slow murder. Regular exposure to industrial and vehicular pollution leads to life threatening diseases like asthma, heart problems, cancer and various other disorders. Therefore, nobody has the right to pollute, rich or poor. Industrial and vehicular pollution are growing rapidly across the country. It is not just metropolitan centres that are heavily polluted today but also small and medium towns. Pollution is growing faster than the economy. This is because the western technological model, built on heavy use of energy and materials, is an inherently highly toxic model. It produces huge amounts of toxic pollutants, which can be controlled if there is careful choice of technology and there is considerable discipline in its use.
The industries which use higher level of energy create more pollution.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
In the overall economy of India, agriculture is the largest sector of economic activity. It plays a crucial role in the country's economic development by providing food to its people and raw materials to industry. It accounts for the largest share to the national income. The share of the various agricultural commodities, animal husbandry and ancillary activities has been more than 40 percent since independence. During the decade of the fifties, it actually contributed about half of the national output.
Agriculture is the only source of national income in India.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e., from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
The basic thrust of the Government's policy is to provide price incentives to farmers to make them produce more food. But is a price incentive system., always efficient in ensuring incremental yields? Our contention is that this incentive works only in persuading farmers to shift cultivation from one crop to another depending on which crop is more profitable and the given prices. But if would not be a sufficient condition in ensuring incremental output of all crops which is what is required.
This passage is taken from an article written by an expert on agricultural finance.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
The basic thrust of the Government's policy is to provide price incentives to farmers to make them produce more food. But is a price incentive system., always efficient in ensuring incremental yields? Our contention is that this incentive works only in persuading farmers to shift cultivation from one crop to another depending on which crop is more profitable and the given prices. But if would not be a sufficient condition in ensuring incremental output of all crops which is what is required.
The author is advocating for more yield of various crops.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
Logically these are rules of conduct. Every country has laid down comprehensive series of practical rules for citizens for resolving mutual contradictory rights and interests. Most of these rules have been laid down to sustain social activities. For instance, many countries have laid down rules to protest against such unsocial activities as theft, attack and murder. These rules are backed by judicial system and executory institutions, which look after the people who obey the rules and also who violate the rules. Wherever the human behaviour is involved such rules are not only for namesake there but are necessary also.
There are no rules in countries where citizens' interests and rights do not contradict.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e., from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
Logically these are rules of conduct. Every country has laid down comprehensive series of practical rules for citizens for resolving mutual contradictory rights and interests. Most of these rules have been laid down to sustain social activities. For instance, many countries have laid down rules to protest against such unsocial activities as theft, attack and murder. These rules are backed by judicial system and executory institutions, which look after the people who obey the rules and also who violate the rules. Wherever the human behaviour is involved such rules are not only for namesake there but are necessary also.
There is no need of any rules if individuals do not have to interact with each other.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e., from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
Logically these are rules of conduct. Every country has laid down comprehensive series of practical rules for citizens for resolving mutual contradictory rights and interests. Most of these rules have been laid down to sustain social activities. For instance, many countries have laid down rules to protest against such unsocial activities as theft, attack and murder. These rules are backed by judicial system and executory institutions, which look after the people who obey the rules and also who violate the rules. Wherever the human behaviour is involved such rules are not only for namesake there but are necessary also.
Human beings are susceptible to violate rules.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e., from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
Urban services have not expanded fast enough to cope with urban expansion. Low investment allocations have tended to be underspent. Both public (e.g. water and sewage) and private (e.g. low-income area housing) infrastructure quality has declined. This impact of the environment in which children live and the supporting services available to them when they fall ill, seems clear. The decline in average food availability and the rise in absolute poverty point in the same unsatisfactory direction.
Birth rate is higher in urban areas as compared to rural areas.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
The explosive growth in demand for castor oil abroad is bringing about a silent change in the castor seed economy of Gujarat. The State is well on its way to emerge as a strong manufacturing centre for castor oil relegating to background its current status as a big trading centre. The business prospects for export of castor oil which is converted into value-added derivatives are so good that a number of castor seed crushing units have already come up and others are on the anvil.
The production of castor oil has become a profitable business proposition.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e.,from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given;and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e.,it contradicts the given facts.
The water resources of our country as very much underutilized. The main reason of this underutilization is the lack of capital and technology. A large portion of our water resources is wasted due to floods and unwise use of water for irrigation as well as domestic purposes. We can make full use of our water resources by building dams on rivers and by adopting policy of awareness among people not to waste water.
The country does not have enough funds to develop water resources.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e., from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
In India, the asbestos industry is growing and employs more than 15,000 people in 75 units which are spread over several states like Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh etc. Surprisingly, advanced countries are banning cancer causing asbestos products, multinational companies are from those countries which are setting up units in developing countries like India, one reason being lack of awareness in the society and indifference of the government machinery of these countries. Prolonged exposure to asbestos dust and fibres can cause lung cancer but most workers in India are too afraid to pots for fear of losing jobs. Some of these factories are operating in Mumbai. Quite a few of the factories in India are not known to take adequate precautions to protect workers from asbestos dust.
The Government is taking several steps to provide medical inspection of workers. In fact it has amended Factories Act to extend the provision to even those factories employing less than 10 workers.
The asbestos industry is one of the largest industries in India.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
The smaller pesticide formulation units in India operate under heavy constraints such as obsolete technology, small scale of operation and dependence on large units for raw materials.In view of the loss of expensive material by the smaller units it is important to either eliminate or reduce losses to the extent possible through innovative and sustainable waste minimization techniques. Operating profit margins of the units are very low and small adverse conditions land these companies in trouble. Maximum losses suffered by these units are through poor housekeeping, sub-optional operating practices, and lack of proper opportunities for recycling waste.
Smaller units should be operationally self-sufficient so as minimize losses.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e., from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
The smaller pesticide formulation units in India operate under heavy constraints such as obsolete technology, small scale of operation and dependence on large units for raw materials.In view of the loss of expensive material by the smaller units it is important to either eliminate or reduce losses to the extent possible through innovative and sustainable waste minimization techniques. Operating profit margins of the units are very low and small adverse conditions land these companies in trouble. Maximum losses suffered by these units are through poor housekeeping, sub-optional operating practices, and lack of proper opportunities for recycling waste.
Waste management process in India needs modernization.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e., from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
One of the greatest advantages a company has over its competitors is a system of distribution and product support, i.e., the dealer network. Dealers play a vital role in helping a company build and maintain close relationships with customers and gain insights into how they can improve their products and services to fulfill customer needs. And a company can achieve customer loyalty through dealer loyalty. Therefore, it must make efforts to build their competence, for more effective performance. Dealers who are long established members of a company can get close to customers, but to tap the full potential of such dealers, a company must forge extremely close ties with them and integrate them into its critical business systems. When treated this way dealers can serve as a source of market intelligence, as proxies for customers, as consultants and the dealers. Although these investments take the usual form of money, it also includes softer aspects such as training and development.
Developing a network of dealers is more useful while launching a new product or service.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e., from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
Below is given a passage followed by several possible inferences which can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You have to examine each inference separately in the context of the passage, decide upon its degree of truth or falsity and choose your answer accordingly from amongst the alternatives provides thereafter.
Rabies is a disease transmitted to man and animals through the bite of a rabies-infected animal most commonly by dogs. It is caused by a virus present in the saliva of the infected animal which gets deposited in the wound of the bite victim, multiplies and travels towards brain and spinal cord. If not treated, about half of such cases develop rabies. Symptoms of the disease start one to three months after the bite. Very few laboratory tests are available for the diagnosis of rabies in India. Precautionary measures include prompt washing of the dog bite wound with soap and water. The wound is also treated with cetavion: tincture of iodine or spirit.
The governments and local bodies should expedite measures to catch and kill stray dogs as a preventive measure.
- (a)
Definitely false
- (b)
Definitely true
- (c)
Probably false
- (d)
Probably true
- (e)
Data inadequate
Self-medication has evolved rapidly over the years to provide symptomatic relief for minor ailments. One can safely define responsible self-medication, as the informed and rationale choice of consumers, to treat themselves and their family members with appropriate, affordable drugs of acceptable quality. Responsible self-medication can help prevent and treat symptoms and ailments that do no require medical consultation. Moreover, it also reduces the increasing pressure of medical services for the relief of minor ailment, especially when financial and human resources are limited. Worldwide, more and more governments are accepting the self-medication concept. Self-medication is a fact of life. With its broad use and social acceptance, no health policy should ignore self-medication. Rather, health policy should ask how this momentum can be leveraged to help achieve its objective.
Self-medication reduces considerably pressure on health care system of any country.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
Below is given a passage followed by several possible inferences which can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You have to examine each inference separately in the context of the passage, decide upon its degree of truth or falsity and choose your answer accordingly from amongst the alternatives provides thereafter.
Indian granite industry is in peril in the absence of a uniform policy from the State Governments, despite the thrust given by liberalization policies of the Union Government in the last two years. Compared to the remarkable progress in the field during the last three years, the absence of matching policies by State Governments had put granite quarry owners and others involved in the industry on the verge of collapse in the international market. The policies differed from state to state, had created problems as far as loyalty, dead rent and duration of lease were concerned.
The granite production is largely controlled by individuals.
- (a)
Data inadequate
- (b)
Definitely true
- (c)
Probably true
- (d)
Probably false
- (e)
Definitely false
Below is given a passage followed by several possible inferences which can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You have to examine each inference separately in the context of the passage, decide upon its degree of truth or falsity and choose your answer accordingly from amongst the alternatives provides thereafter.
Dryland farming is the only way to not only combat recurring drought but also meet the increasing food requirements of India. About 45% of India's total crop production now comes from drylands.By the end of this century, this will have to increase to 60% if India is to provide adequate food for projected population of one billion by the turn of the century.
Dryland farming is important for India.
- (a)
Data inadequate
- (b)
Definitely true
- (c)
Probably true
- (d)
Probably false
- (e)
Definitely false
The domestic market for electronic hardware in the country is likely to grow from Rs.1800 crore to about Rs.6500 crore per annum in the next few years. The Government is likely to further restrict foreign exchange needed for imports. So far, India has been importing about 80 percent of the components required for manufacturing electronics gadgets. The country produced only 'passive components' like resistors, capacitors and conductors. Even integrated circuits (ICs) are being produced in a small way at high cost. Semi-conductors have remained India's weak spot.
Government is considering to further restrict foreign needed for imports.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly follows from the facts given in the passage
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' though not definitely true in the light of the facts given
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
The domestic market for electronic hardware in the country is likely to grow from Rs.1800 crore to about Rs.6500 crore per annum in the next few years. The Government is likely to further restrict foreign exchange needed for imports. So far, India has been importing about 80 percent of the componenets required for manufacturing electronics gadgets. The country produced only 'passive components' like resistors,capacitors and conductors. Even integrated circuits (ICs) are being produced in a small way at high cost. Semi-conductors have remained India's weak spot.
An increase of about 250 percent in India's domestic electronic market is predicted during the next few years.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly follows from the facts given in the passage
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' though not definitely true in the light of the facts given
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e.,from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definetely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
Our country needs about nine to ten percent of yearly increase in power capacity. That means from the present 86000 MW we have today, we require an additional 8000 to 10000 MW every year.The private industries or foreigners may contribute by 1000 MW to 2000 Mw. So, basically 90 percent of the capacity addition will have to be done by public sector companies. But Government cannot continuously give money for this. This means that the tariff has to be regulated to generate money, not based on the cost of 25 years ago. If this happens, optional utilization of power will take place.It will not be wasted.
The public sector enterprises in power generation have done a commendable job.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly follows from the facts given in the passage
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' though not definitely true in the light of the facts given
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
Our country needs about nine to ten percent of yearly increase in power capacity. That means from the present 86000 MW we have today, we require an additional 8000 to 10000 MW every year.The private industries or foreigners may contribute by 1000 MW to 2000 Mw. So, basically 90 percent of the capacity addition will have to be done by public sector companies. But Government cannot continuously give money for this. This means that the tariff has to be regulated to generate money, not based on the cost of 25 years ago. If this happens, optional utilization of power will take place.It will not be wasted.
There is likelihood of increase in power tariffs in future.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly follows from the facts given in the passage
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' though not definitely true in the light of the facts given
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
Our country needs about nine to ten percent of yearly increase in power capacity. That means from the present 86000 MW we have today, we require an additional 8000 to 10000 MW every year.The private industries or foreigners may contribute by 1000 MW to 2000 Mw. So, basically 90 percent of the capacity addition will have to be done by public sector companies. But Government cannot continuously give money for this. This means that the tariff has to be regulated to generate money, not based on the cost of 25 years ago. If this happens, optional utilization of power will take place.It will not be wasted.
Once we attain 10 percent increase in the present power capacity for few years we will have no problem.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly follows from the facts given in the passage
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' though not definitely true in the light of the facts given
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e.,from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definetely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
Below is given a passage followed by several possible inferences which can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You have to examine each inference separately in the context of the passage, decide upon its degree of truth or falsity and choose your answer accordingly from amongst the alternatives provides thereafter.
There is more bad news on food front. It now appears certain that there will be a shortfall of about 9 million tonnes in the food production in the current kharif season, which in turn means five million tonnes less than the production achieved in the last kharif season. However, rice procurement may only be partially affected since West and Andhra Pradesh have had sufficient rainfall while Punjab, the major contributor to the central pool is less dependent on rainfall. Still, the overall availability of rice may go down by more than four million tonnes. There may be worst news ahead.
Rice is mainly produced in kharif season.
- (a)
Definitely true
- (b)
Probably false
- (c)
Definitely false
- (d)
Data inadequate
- (e)
Probably true
Laws governing the cooperative societies are uniform in all states. These laws give the member of a housing society the right to nomination during his life time. This is quite unlike the rule in other property related cases where nomination comes into force after the demise of the member. The question then arises that, can the nominee get full proprietorial rights over a flat merely because he has been nominated by a deceased member of the society. Many people are under the wrong impression that once a nomination form has been filled, their responsibility is over and that the nominee would have no problem acquiring the property.And, that the legal heirs of the member will pose no problem for the nominee.
The law that considers whether a person is a legal heir or not has some lacunae.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly follows from the facts given in the passage
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' though not definitely true in the light of the facts given
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
Of the roughly 4,40,000 children who currently languish in America's foster-care system. 20,000 are available for adoption, most of them are older children between the ages of 6 and 12.Among the adoptable children, 44% are white and 43% are black. But 67% of all families waiting to adopt are white, and many of them are eager to take a black child. The hurdles, however, are often formidable. Though only three US states -- Arkansas, California and Minnesota--have laws promoting race matching in adoptions, 40 other favour the practise.
Two-third of the white families are waiting to adopt a black child.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly follows from the facts given in the passage
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' though not definitely true in the light of the facts given
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e.,from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
