Deriving Conclusions From Passages
Exam Duration: 45 Mins Total Questions : 30
India needs higher investment in the port sector and still lags far behind the international ports in container traffic, though there has been considerable growth in this segment over the past few years. There is a need to continually benchmark Indian ports against the best ports worldwide and continue to engage in policy efforts so to attain prices per container of port services which are the lowest in the world. The average turn-around time for ships docking at most of the ports in India has been falling for the past three years. However, pre-berthing time has been marginally increasing over the years.
Pre-berthing time is gradually decreasing over the years.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
If you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; andif you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
The last sentence of the passage contradicts the fact given in the statement.
Despite the vast untapped export potential, the funding of sericulture development in the country has been found to be a very major stumbling block. Therefore, it is necessary that a scheme for providing free flow of credit to all those who are engaged in sericulture including silk weaving may be drawn up.Further, taking into account the emerging trends to the Indian silk industry from global players like Korea and China, and also the serious challenges posed by the ongoing changes in the multi-fibre agreement and complete integration with GATT, it is necessary to formulate a new national silk policy. Another working group has to be constituted to evolve a long term import and export policy.
The formulation and implementation of long term import and export policy will only help Indian silk industry.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e.,from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given;and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e.,it contradicts the given facts.
It is mentioned that taking into considerations the changes at the international level, India has to evolve a long term import and export policy. This clearly implies the given fact.
In the context of computers, the hardware specialities like the tendency of research connected with human factors, the design of the work stations, keyboards, visual display etc. are being concentrated, though the literature connected with interface and software problems has recently been on the increase. There are two reasons for it. The first reason in the light of the increasing power of computers is that the designers have got an opportunity to select and organize that technique which the user follows in communicating the message. The second is that the human factors research organizations have deviated from physical specialities of self improving work-system and gone to the psychological dimensions of the man-machine interaction.
There has been a systematic progress in the basic computer technique.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e., from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
The given fact is neither mentioned in nor can be derived from the contents of the given passage.
Cotton Acreage in India during the current year has fallen by 10% as cotton growers had moved on cultivation of other cash crops. This is the result of the cotton glut in world markets in post-September 11 and the consequent slowdown in the world economy. But this scenario brought with it benefits to one segment of the industry - yarn manufacturers, as they get higher prices for their produce. Some yarn manufacturers too had stocked up on low priced cotton last year. The combined effect of all this is evident in the rise in net profits and net margins of yarn manufacturers.
Land used for growing cotton in India is conducive to grow other cash crops.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
The fact that cotton growers have switched over to cultivation of other cash crops, clearly implies the given inference.
A radical surgery procedure, laughed at not long ago, is holding our fresh hope for patients of cardiac myopathy, or enlargement of the heart. The technique now in India, allows patients to go home two weeks after the operation, to lead a near-normal sedentary life. Cardiac myopathy is a condition that has a variety of causative factors. An attack from one of the 20 identified viruses, parasite infection, long term alcohol abuse and blood pressure could bring it on and in rare cases, it could follow, child birth and even known to run in families. The condition is marked by an increase in the size of the heart's chambers and a decrease in the efficiency of pumping.
The cardiac myopathy slows down the heart beat.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
It is clearly mentioned in the passage that cardiac myopathy is marked by 'a decrease in the efficiency of pumping'. This means that the heart beat is slowed down.
More than a decade of erosion in budgetary support from the Union Government, has seriously affected Indian Railways' capacity to finance its plan expenditures. The situation has come to a pass where the railways must now think of innovative ways to get longer mileage from its investments. Significantly the resource crunch has had grievous impact on the railways. As a result, it will not be in a position to acquire necessary equipments and this will seriously affect the railways' capacity to serve the needs of the economy in future.
The Union government has reduced drastically the budgetary support to railways during the last decade.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e., from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
The fact directly follows from the first sentence of the passage.
Though the state cultivates only 3,2 lakh tonnes of mangoes, they are of premium quality and with mangoes becoming second most consumed fruit in the world after grapes, the government has been trying exporting it through sea route which is cheaper. An experiment which was done in this regard last year has proved successful.
The state also exports good quality grapes.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
Nothing about the production and export of grapes by the state is mentioned in the passage.
It is generally accepted that if the monsoon is poor in any given year, it will have a significantly negative impact on the lives of millions. Some lives, such as those of the farmers, are affected directly because of poor crop yield; others are affected indirectly as the economic growth slows down. Similarly, the years with good monsoon bring smile and prosperity to the lives of many. For instance, India recorded a sharp jump in its rate of growth after years of good performance in the recent years. This unfortunate cycle affects the lives of millions of poor and hapless. But it need not be this way. In the jargon of financial economics, monsoon risk is a diversifiable risk. In other words, it is an insurance risk. Though one might wonder who will provide the insurance against poor monsoons if everyone is adversely affected by poor monsoon? The Answer is - the international investor
There has been considerable growth in India's economy during the recent years.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e., from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
The fact directly follows from the sentence 'For instance, .......recent years' in the passage.
Pollution amounts to slow murder. Regular exposure to industrial and vehicular pollution leads to life threatening diseases like asthma, heart problems, cancer and various other disorders. Therefore, nobody has the right to pollute, rich or poor. Industrial and vehicular pollution are growing rapidly across the country. It is not just metropolitan centres that are heavily polluted today but also small and medium towns. Pollution is growing faster than the economy. This is because the western technological model, built on heavy use of energy and materials, is an inherently highly toxic model. It produces huge amounts of toxic pollutants, which can be controlled if there is careful choice of technology and there is considerable discipline in its use.
The pollution level in the western world is considerably more than in India.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
Nothing about the comparison of pollution levels in India and the western world, can be deduced from the given passage.
Logically these are rules of conduct. Every country has laid down comprehensive series of practical rules for citizens for resolving mutual contradictory rights and interests. Most of these rules have been laid down to sustain social activities. For instance, many countries have laid down rules to protest against such unsocial activities as theft, attack and murder. These rules are backed by judicial system and executory institutions, which look after the people who obey the rules and also who violate the rules. Wherever the human behaviour is involved such rules are not only for namesake there but are necessary also.
Human beings are susceptible to violate rules.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e., from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
The given inference directly follows from the last sentence of the passage.
Urban services have not expanded fast enough to cope with urban expansion. Low investment allocations have tended to be underspent. Both public (e.g. water and sewage) and private (e.g. low-income area housing) infrastructure quality has declined. This impact of the environment in which children live and the supporting services available to them when they fall ill, seems clear. The decline in average food availability and the rise in absolute poverty point in the same unsatisfactory direction.
The environment around plays an important role on the health status.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
The conclusion directly follows from the statement 'The impact of the environment.... seems clear' in the passage
A tiger when killing its natural prey, which it does either by stalking or lying in wait for it, depends for the success of its attack on its speed and, to a lesser extent, on the condition of its teeth and claws. When, therefore a tiger is suffering from one or more painful wounds or when its teeth are missing or defective and its claws worn down, and it is unable to catch animals it has been accustomed to eating, it is driven by the necessity to killing human beings.
Human beings are the natural prey of tigers.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
It is given in the passage that tigers take to killing human beings when they are unable to catch the animals they are used to eating. This violates the fact given in the question.
The water resources of our country as very much underutilized. The main reason of this underutilization is the lack of capital and technology. A large portion of our water resources is wasted due to floods and unwise use of water for irrigation as well as domestic purposes. We can make full use of our water resources by building dams on rivers and by adopting policy of awareness among people not to waste water.
Building of dams is an essential step in the conservation of water resources.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e., from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
It is given in the passage that 'we can make full use of our water resources by building of dams'.
The water resources of our country as very much underutilized. The main reason of this underutilization is the lack of capital and technology. A large portion of our water resources is wasted due to floods and unwise use of water for irrigation as well as domestic purposes. We can make full use of our water resources by building dams on rivers and by adopting policy of awareness among people not to waste water.
Occurrence of floods adds to the water resources.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e., from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
It is mentioned that much of our water resources are wasted due to floods.
In India, the asbestos industry is growing and employs more than 15,000 people in 75 units which are spread over several states like Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh etc. Surprisingly, advanced countries are banning cancer causing asbestos products, multinational companies are from those countries which are setting up units in developing countries like India, one reason being lack of awareness in the society and indifference of the government machinery of these countries. Prolonged exposure to asbestos dust and fibres can cause lung cancer but most workers in India are too afraid to pots for fear of losing jobs. Some of these factories are operating in Mumbai. Quite a few of the factories in India are not known to take adequate precautions to protect workers from asbestos dust.
The Government is taking several steps to provide medical inspection of workers. In fact it has amended Factories Act to extend the provision to even those factories employing less than 10 workers
The Governments of developing countries appear to be not taking appropriate measures while granting permission to set up production units of multinational companies in their countries.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
The phrase 'indifference of the government machinery of these countries', clearly implies the given fact.
The smaller pesticide formulation units in India operate under heavy constraints such as obsolete technology, small scale of operation and dependence on large units for raw materials.In view of the loss of expensive material by the smaller units it is important to either eliminate or reduce losses to the extent possible through innovative and sustainable waste minimization techniques. Operating profit margins of the units are very low and small adverse conditions land these companies in trouble. Maximum losses suffered by these units are through poor housekeeping, sub-optional operating practices, and lack of proper opportunities for recycling waste.
Smaller units should be operationally self-sufficient so as minimize losses.
- (a)
if you think the inference is 'definitely true';
- (b)
if you think the inference is 'probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if the data given is inadequate i.e., from the fact given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is ''probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
The given fact is neither mentioned in nor can be derived from the given passage.
Primary education in Bihar is in a poor shape. Pupils in over 50 percent of the schools read in the open throughout the year. Over six million children born to lower income group parents remain unlettered. Not even one percent of the 63,000 primary schools have facilities of furniture, toilet, drinking water and games. 3113 new teachers have been appointed in the current financial year out of which 2747 are women. Now each of the 13,270 primary schools have at least two teachers.
In Bihar, 50 percent of the children are illiterate.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
The given fact is neither mentioned in nor can be derived fro the given passage.
Economic liberalization and globalization have put pressure on Indian industry, particularly on the service sector, to offer quality products and service at low costs and with high speed. Organizations have to compete with unequal partners from abroad. It is well recognized that developing countries like India are already behind other countries technologically, in many areas, although some of them, particularly India boast of huge scientific and technical manpower. In addition to this if an entrepreneur or industrialist has to spend a lot of his time, money and energy in dealing with unpredictable services and in negotiating with the local bureaucracy, it can have a significant dampening effect on business.
Indian service industry was more comfortable before economic liberalization.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly from the facts given in the passage;
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' through not definitely true in the light of the facts given;
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false;
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given; and
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false i.e., it contradicts the given facts;
It is mentioned in the passage that the entry of foreign companies as a result of economic liberalization has put pressure on Indian industry. Thus, the given fact seems quite probable.
Below is given a passage followed by several possible inferences which can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You have to examine each inference separately in the context of the passage, decide upon its degree of truth or falsity and choose your answer accordingly from amongst the alternatives provides thereafter.
Indian granite industry is in peril in the absence of a uniform policy from the State Governments, despite the thrust given by liberalization policies of the Union Government in the last two years. Compared to the remarkable progress in the field during the last three years, the absence of matching policies by State Governments had put granite quarry owners and others involved in the industry on the verge of collapse in the international market. The policies differed from state to state, had created problems as far as loyalty, dead rent and duration of lease were concerned.
The granite production is largely controlled by individuals.
- (a)
Data inadequate
- (b)
Definitely true
- (c)
Probably true
- (d)
Probably false
- (e)
Definitely false
It is mentioned in the passage that the absence of matching policies by State Governments has put 'granite quarry owners' on the verge of collapse. This implies the given fact.
Below is given a passage followed by several possible inferences which can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You have to examine each inference separately in the context of the passage, decide upon its degree of truth or falsity and choose your answer accordingly from amongst the alternatives provides thereafter.
The force of technological change will have an impact on the manufacturing industry. But the real effect will be on the information processing industry like software development, service industries like airlines, insurance and consulting - both technical and managerial, designing and executing jobs. Another feature of technological change by the end of century will be the resistance to change from within and outside the organizations. Satisfactory resolutions will require a high degree of mutual cooperation between Government and Industry, Industry and its users, Management and Unions and within organizations across functions.
As compared to service industry, the manufacturing industry will be less affected by the technological change.
- (a)
Definitely true
- (b)
Probably true
- (c)
Data inadequate
- (d)
Probably false
- (e)
Definitely false
It is mentioned in the passage that the real effect of technological change would be on the service industries rather than the manufacturing industry. This clearly implies the given fact.
Below is given a passage followed by several possible inferences which can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You have to examine each inference separately in the context of the passage, decide upon its degree of truth or falsity and choose your answer accordingly from amongst the alternatives provides thereafter.
Dryland farming is the only way to not only combat recurring drought but also meet the increasing food requirements of India. About 45% of India's total crop production now comes from drylands.By the end of this century, this will have to increase to 60% if India is to provide adequate food for projected population of one billion by the turn of the century.
Dryland farming is important for India.
- (a)
Data inadequate
- (b)
Definitely true
- (c)
Probably true
- (d)
Probably false
- (e)
Definitely false
The given statement can be derived from the first sentence of the passage.
Below is given a passage followed by several possible inferences which can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You have to examine each inference separately in the context of the passage, decide upon its degree of truth or falsity and choose your answer accordingly from amongst the alternatives provides thereafter.
Dryland farming is the only way to not only combat recurring drought but also meet the increasing food requirements of India. About 45% of India's total crop production now comes from drylands.By the end of this century, this will have to increase to 60% if India is to provide adequate food for projected population of one billion by the turn of the century.
India is self-sufficient in food production.
- (a)
Definitely true
- (b)
Probably true
- (c)
Data inadequate
- (d)
Probably false
- (e)
Definitely false
The fact is not mentioned in the passage.
The domestic market for electronic hardware in the country is likely to grow from Rs.1800 crore to about Rs.6500 crore per annum in the next few years. The Government is likely to further restrict foreign exchange needed for imports. So far, India has been importing about 80 percent of the components required for manufacturing electronics gadgets. The country produced only 'passive components' like resistors, capacitors and conductors. Even integrated circuits (ICs) are being produced in a small way at high cost. Semi-conductors have remained India's weak spot.
Government is considering to further restrict foreign needed for imports.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly follows from the facts given in the passage
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' though not definitely true in the light of the facts given
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely' false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
The fact in evident from the sentence "The Government is likely to further restrict foreign exchange needed for imports' in the passage.
Below is given a passage followed by several possible inferences which can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You have to examine each inference separately in the context of the passage, decide upon its degree of truth or falsity and choose your answer accordingly from amongst the alternatives provides thereafter.
There is more bad news on food front. It now appears certain that there will be a shortfall of about 9 million tonnes in the food production in the current kharif season, which in turn means five million tonnes less than the production achieved in the last kharif season. However, rice procurement may only be partially affected since West and Andhra Pradesh have had sufficient rainfall while Punjab, the major contributor to the central pool is less dependent on rainfall. Still, the overall availability of rice may go down by more than four million tonnes. There may be worst news ahead.
The procurement price of rice will increase this year.
- (a)
Data inadequate
- (b)
Definitely true
- (c)
Probably true
- (d)
Definitely false
- (e)
Probably false
It is mentioned in the passage that rice production has gone down. This may lead to a rise in procurement price of rice.
Below is given a passage followed by several possible inferences which can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You have to examine each inference separately in the context of the passage, decide upon its degree of truth or falsity and choose your answer accordingly from amongst the alternatives provides thereafter.
There is more bad news on food front. It now appears certain that there will be a shortfall of about 9 million tonnes in the food production in the current kharif season, which in turn means five million tonnes less than the production achieved in the last kharif season. However, rice procurement may only be partially affected since West and Andhra Pradesh have had sufficient rainfall while Punjab, the major contributor to the central pool is less dependent on rainfall. Still, the overall availability of rice may go down by more than four million tonnes. There may be worst news ahead.
It is likely that production of rice will be below the normal level in the next year.
- (a)
Probably false
- (b)
Definitely false
- (c)
Data inadequate
- (d)
Definitely true
- (e)
Probably true
It is said in the passage: "There may be worst news ahead'. There is no surety about the given fact. But it appears to be true according to the present trends.
The Government of India has urged the State Governments to create more job opportunities for women. All-out efforts are to be made to have more training facilities for women so that they can be gainfully employed. It is in pursuance of the recent policy decisions taken by the Government to make women self-reliant. The states have been asked to end discrimination against the fair sex so far new jobs are concerned. The same wage for women workers should also be strictly adhered to, it has been emphasized.
The Indian Government has arranged for proper education of women so that they can get good jobs.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly follows from the facts given in the passage
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' though not definitely true in the light of the facts given
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
Nothing is mentioned about the efforts of the Government as regards education of women in the passage.
Below is given a passage followed by several possible inferences which can be drawn from the facts stated in the passage. You have to examine each inference separately in the context of the passage, decide upon its degree of truth or falsity and choose your answer accordingly from amongst the alternatives provides thereafter.
The caffeine in one morning's coffee or tea may improve the complex reasoning ability of extroverts but has the opposite effect on introverts. More than 700 people were given caffeine equal to no more than cups of coffee and then tested on word analogies, sentence completion, and identification of antonyms. the researchers believe that the caffeine was beneficial to the extroverts in the morning because they take longer to wake up. Introverts are more alert in the morning and become overstimulated by the drug which interferes with their reasoning power.
Caffeine has greater effect early in the morning.
- (a)
Definitely false
- (b)
Definitely true
- (c)
Probably false
- (d)
Probably true
- (e)
Data inadequate
The passage talks of the effect of caffeine in early morning only. So, the given fact is quite probable.
Laws governing the cooperative societies are uniform in all states. These laws give the member of a housing society the right to nomination during his life time. This is quite unlike the rule in other property related cases where nomination comes into force after the demise of the member. The question then arises that, can the nominee get full proprietorial rights over a flat merely because he has been nominated by a deceased member of the society. Many people are under the wrong impression that once a nomination form has been filled, their responsibility is over and that the nominee would have no problem acquiring the property.And, that the legal heirs of the member will pose no problem for the nominee.
Nomination to property right need not be made to legal heirs only.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly follows from the facts given in the passage
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' though not definitely true in the light of the facts given
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
It is mentioned in the passage that the nominee may face some problem from the legal heirs in acquiring a property.This clearly implies the given fact.
Laws governing the cooperative societies are uniform in all states. These laws give the member of a housing society the right to nomination during his life time. This is quite unlike the rule in other property related cases where nomination comes into force after the demise of the member. The question then arises that, can the nominee get full proprietorial rights over a flat merely because he has been nominated by a deceased member of the society. Many people are under the wrong impression that once a nomination form has been filled, their responsibility is over and that the nominee would have no problem acquiring the property.And, that the legal heirs of the member will pose no problem for the nominee.
There is need to educate the people on all aspects of laws governing the cooperative societies.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly follows from the facts given in the passage
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' though not definitely true in the light of the facts given
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e., from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
Clearly,such a training is necessary for people to justify nomination and overcome the problems faced by legal heirs.
Of the roughly 4,40,000 children who currently languish in America's foster-care system. 20,000 are available for adoption, most of them are older children between the ages of 6 and 12.Among the adoptable children, 44% are white and 43% are black. But 67% of all families waiting to adopt are white, and many of them are eager to take a black child. The hurdles, however, are often formidable. Though only three US states -- Arkansas, California and Minnesota--have laws promoting race matching in adoptions, 40 other favour the practice.
White children are being preferred for adoption by majority of black families.
- (a)
if the inference is 'definitely true' i.e., it directly follows from the facts given in the passage
- (b)
if the inference is 'probably true' though not definitely true in the light of the facts given
- (c)
if you think the data are inadequate i.e.,from the facts given you cannot say whether the inference is likely to be true or false
- (d)
if you think the inference is 'probably false' though not definitely false in the light of the facts given
- (e)
if you think the inference is 'definitely false' i.e., it contradicts the given facts.
The passage mentioned the attitude of white men only regarding adoption of a child and not that of black families.